Table 2.
Sample characteristics and binary logistic models delineating correlates of lifetime NPS use.
| Raw percentages
|
Unadjusted estimates
|
Adjusted estimates
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample (%) | No NPS use (%) | NPS use (%) | OR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| Age | |||||||
| 18–20 | 26.1 | 22.9 | 32.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 21–22 | 33.3 | 37.1 | 26.4 | 0.51 | (0.14, 1.85) | 0.36 | (0.09, 1.48) |
| 23–25 | 40.5 | 40.0 | 41.5 | 0.74 | (0.21, 2.58) | 0.28 | (0.07, 1.04) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 54.7 | 52.8 | 58.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 45.3 | 47.2 | 41.8 | 0.80 | (0.36, 1.78) | 0.53 | (0.21, 1.33) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 57.4 | 55.1 | 61.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Black | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 0.90 | (0.22, 3.62) | 1.97 | (0.49, 7.84) |
| Hispanic | 20.4 | 21.2 | 19.0 | 0.80 | (0.31, 2.06) | 1.27 | (0.42, 3.90) |
| Asian | 9.7 | 11.2 | 6.9 | 0.56 | (0.23, 1.37) | 0.99 | (0.36, 2.69) |
| Other | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 0.88 | (0.23, 3.32) | 0.78 | (0.16, 3.88) |
| Educational attainment | |||||||
| High school/GED or less | 23.3 | 20.9 | 27.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Some college | 32.3 | 32.0 | 32.9 | 0.78 | (0.36, 1.70) | 0.92 | (0.40, 2.15) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 37.4 | 40.0 | 32.6 | 0.62 | (0.30, 1.29) | 1.17 | (0.43, 3.16) |
| Graduate school | 7.1 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 0.73 | (0.14, 3.90) | 0.93 | (0.13, 6.53) |
| Parent educational attainment | |||||||
| Low | 32.0 | 26.7 | 41.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate | 43.1 | 45.8 | 38.0 | 0.53* | (0.33, 0.85) | 0.41** | (0.21, 0.78) |
| High | 24.9 | 27.5 | 20.2 | 0.47* | (0.25, 0.88) | 0.42* | (0.18, 0.98) |
| Weekly income | |||||||
| ≤$200 | 30.0 | 28.1 | 33.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| $201–$499 | 37.6 | 37.5 | 37.7 | 0.85 | (0.41, 1.75) | 0.86 | (0.36, 2.01) |
| ≥$500 | 32.4 | 34.3 | 29.0 | 0.72 | (0.27, 1.87) | 0.91 | (0.28, 2.89) |
| Religiosity | |||||||
| Low | 34.1 | 32.5 | 37.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate | 39.0 | 37.3 | 42.3 | 0.98 | (0.54, 1.79) | 0.91 | (0.44, 1.86) |
| High | 26.9 | 30.4 | 20.3 | 0.58 | (0.29, 1.14) | 0.88 | (0.51, 1.52) |
| Sexual orientation | |||||||
| Heterosexual | 83.2 | 88.9 | 72.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Gay/lesbian | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 1.45 | (0.28, 7.48) | 1.41 | (0.33, 6.10) |
| Bisexual | 11.8 | 6.4 | 22.2 | 4.30* | (1.45, 12.68) | 6.95** | (2.19, 22.10) |
| Residence | |||||||
| Outside of NYC | 55.3 | 54.8 | 56.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| NYC | 44.7 | 45.2 | 43.6 | 0.94 | (0.42, 2.09) | 1.10 | (0.40, 3.06) |
| Recruitment venue | |||||||
| Nightclub | 52.3 | 52.6 | 51.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Festival | 47.7 | 47.4 | 48.4 | 1.04 | (0.66, 1.65) | 2.12* | (1.19, 3.79) |
| Lifetime drug use | |||||||
| LSD | 19.7 | 10.8 | 36.2 | 4.68*** | (2.27, 9.61) | 4.64** | (1.75, 12.27) |
| Ecstasy/MDMA/Molly | 42.8 | 32.3 | 62.4 | 3.48** | (1.60, 7.56) | 4.54*** | (2.41, 8.58) |
| Ketamine | 17.6 | 10.1 | 31.5 | 4.09** | (1.97, 8.46) | 2.51* | (1.04, 6.05) |
| Methamphetamine | 8.0 | 5.0 | 13.6 | 3.01* | (1.29, 7.02) | 0.61 | (0.18, 2.14) |
| Unknown powders | 2.5 | 0.8 | 5.7 | 7.80** | (2.72, 22.35) | 8.03 | (0.75, 86.13) |
| Nightclub attendance (unweighted) | |||||||
| Never or once or twice a year | 29.6 | 35.7 | 21.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Once or twice a month | 42.7 | 37.5 | 49.2 | 2.13*** | (1.47, 3.10) | 2.01** | (1.29, 3.13) |
| At least once a week/every day | 27.7 | 26.8 | 28.9 | 1.76** | (1.17, 2.65) | 1.56 | (0.95, 2.56) |
Note. OR = (unadjusted) odds ratio, AOR = adjusted OR, CI = confidence interval. The lifetime prevalence of NPS (the outcome variable) was 35.1%. Unweighted nightclub attendance was not included in the full multivariable model, but the AORs for attendance reflect us controlling for all other unweighted covariates.
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.