Table 5.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the joint effects analysis of diabetes with fasting insulin levels ^c and alcohol consumption ^d with liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality among those without a self-reported history of diabetes at baseline

	No diabetes (Glucose < 126 mg/dL)		Diabetes (Glucose ≥126 mg/dL)		P-interaction
	Controls/cases	Odds ratio (95%CI)	Controls/cases	Odds ratio (95%CI)	Multiplicative	Additive
Liver cancer a					0.606	0.421
Insulin ≤6.7 µU/mL	478/56	1.00 (ref)	14/2	1.54 (0.32–7.48)
Insulin >6.7 µU/mL	145/53	2.91 (1.77–4.80)	18/13	7.17 (3.10–16.55)
Chronic liver disease a					0.252	0.322
Insulin ≤6.7 µU/mL	478/120	1.00 (ref)	14/3	0.73 (0.19–2.90)
Insulin >6.7 µU/mL	145/65	2.05 (1.32–3.18)	18/19	3.79 (1.75–8.22)
Liver cancer b					0.694	0.944
Alcohol ≤11.3 g/day	291/47	1.00 (ref)	12/6	3.56 (1.21–10.50)
Alcohol >11.3 g/day	296/55	1.24 (0.79–1.97)	16/8	3.32 (1.25–8.87)
Chronic liver disease b					0.295	0.930
Alcohol ≤11.3 g/day	291/26	1.00 (ref)	12/5	4.52 (1.38–14.78)
Alcohol >11.3 g/day	296/136	4.96 (3.08–7.99)	16/16	10.68 (4.63–24.65)

^aModels are adjusted for age (years), cigarettes per day, and duration of smoking (years), alcohol intake (≤2.8, >2.8 to ≤11, >11 to ≤26, >26 to ≤44, >44 g/day), anti-HBc, HBsAg, anti-HCV, body mass index (BMI, <18.5, 18.5 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, ≥35 kg/m2), education (elementary education or less, more than elementary education).

^bModels are adjusted for age (years), cigarettes per day, and duration of smoking (years), anti-HBc, HBsAg, anti-HCV, body mass index (BMI, <18.5, 18.5 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, ≥35 kg/m2), education (elementary education or less, more than elementary education).

^cAbove versus below the 75% of insulin in controls, 6.7 µU/mL.

^dAbove versus below the median level of alcohol consumption 11.3 g/day.