Table 1.

The ipseity-disturbance model.

Ipseity	Ipseity-disturbance	Examples
Sense of oneself as existing as a vital and self-identical subject of experience and action and as a first-person perspective on the world.	Disturbed “mineness”; disorder of self-presence; lack of sense of self.	“Consciousness gradually loses its coherence. The center cannot hold. The “me” becomes a haze, and the solid center from which one experiences reality breaks up like a bad radio signal. There is no longer a vantage point from which to look out, take things in, assess. No core holds things together, providing the lens through which we see the world” (Saks, 2007). “[M]y sense of self is totally crushed when the “bubble” surrounding my self-consciousness is destroyed by this unstable permeability. […] until the entire self-experience disintegrates.” (Kean, 2009).
	Hyper-reflexivity: intensified self-consciousness that involves self-alienation.	Corporeal sensations; de-automatization; thoughts-aloud etc.
	Diminished self-affection: diminished sense of existing as the subject of one's own experience and action.	De-vitalization; feeling influenced; de-personalization.
	“Disturbed hold” or “grip” on the world; alteration of attunement to the world.	Estrangement; de-realization; feeling persecuted; confusion between perception/imagination/memory; uncanny sense of “revelation.”