Table 1.
Description of patient characteristics, clinical and laboratory
| Standard | ATRA | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 556 | n = 544 | ||
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Age [years], median (range) | 48.8 (18–61) | 48.5 (18–61) | 0.56 |
| Gender [male], No. (%) | 283 (50.9) | 288 (52.9) | 0.51 |
| WBC [109/l], median (range) | 16.0 (0.3–532) | 9.2 (0.3–349) | 0.003 |
| Missing | 3 | 8 | |
| Platelets [109/l], median (range) | 52 (3–590) | 58 (4–933) | 0.11 |
| Missing | 4 | 8 | |
| Hemoglobin [g/dL], (median, range) | 9.1 (3.8–15.3) | 9.2 (3.5–16.0) | 0.77 |
| Missings | 3 | 7 | |
| LDH [U/l], median (range) | 445 (94–15098) | 407.5 (84–6907) | 0.18 |
| Missings | 8 | 8 | |
| BM-blasts [%], median (range)* | 75 (0–100) | 70 (2–100) | 0.14 |
| Missings | 30 | 33 | |
| PB-blasts [%], median (range) | 36 (0–100) | 27 (0–100) | 0.003 |
| Missings | 39 | 36 | |
| Type of AML, No. (%) | 0.99 | ||
| De novo | 484 (87) | 473 (87) | |
| sAML | 31 (5.6) | 30 (5.5) | |
| tAML | 40 (7.2) | 40(7.4) | |
| Cytogenetic risk, No. (%) | 0.58 | ||
| CBF-AML | 65 (12.8) | 56 (11.0) | |
| Intermediate | 336 (66.1) | 338 (66.1) | |
| Adverse30 | 107 (21.1) | 117 (22.9) | |
| Normal karyotype, No. (%) | 246 (48.4) | 248 (48.5) | 0.99 |
| Missings | 48 | 33 | |
| Biallelic mutated CEBPA, No. (%) | 26 (5.3) | 23 (4.8) | 0.77 |
| Missings | 61 | 64 | |
| FLT3-ITD, No. (%) | 107 (20.2) | 102 (20.1) | 0.99 |
| Missings | 26 | 36 | |
| FLT3-TKD, No. (%) | 28 (5.3) | 25 (5.0) | 0.89 |
| Missings | 29 | 40 | |
| Mutated NPM1, No. (%) | 149 (29.2) | 138 (27.8) | 0.68 |
| Missings | 46 | 47 | |
| Mutated DNMT3A, No. (%) | 109 (21.5) | 119 (23.9) | 0.37 |
| Missings | 48 | 47 | |
| Mutated IDH1, No. (%) | 26 (6.1) | 29 (6.8) | 0.68 |
| Missings | 127 | 120 | |
| Mutated IDH2R140, No. (%) | 30 (7.0) | 29 (6.9) | 0.99 |
| Mutated IDH2R172, No. (%) | 12 (2.8) | 11 (2.6) | |
| Missings | 130 | 122 | |
| Mutated RUNX1, No. (%) | 39 (9.4) | 32 (7.9) | 0.54 |
| Missings | 139 | 140 | |
| Mutated ASXL1, No. (%) | 22 (5.3) | 21 (5.1) | 0.99 |
| Missings | 141 | 131 | |
| ELN genetic risk group | 0.80 | ||
| Favorable risk, No. (%) | 152 (30.3) | 139 (28.0) | |
| Intermediate-2 risk, No. (%) | 153 (30.5) | 151 (30.4) | |
| Intermediate-2 risk, No. (%) | 90 (17.9) | 90 (18.1) | |
| Adverse risk, No. (%) | 107 (21.3) | 117 (23.5) | |
| Missings | 54 | 47 |
Abbreviations: WBC white blood count, LDH lactate-dehydrogenase, BM bone marrow, PB peripheral blood, sAML secondary AML after a preceding MDS; tAML treatment-related AML, CBF- AML core-binding factor AML, CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, FLT3-ITD FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene internal tandem duplication, FLT3-TKD FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene tyrosine kinase domain mutation, NPM1 nucleophosmin, DNMT3A DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha, IDH Isocitrate dehydrogenase, RUNX1 Runt-related transcription factor 1, ASXL1 additional sex combs like 1, transcriptional regulator
*In case of BM blasts <20 %, diagnosis of AML was established based on extramedullary disease or PB blast >20 %