Table 3. Variables related to sodium intake in reviewed studies.
| Study | Group classification | Sodium intake | 24-hour urine sodium excretion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhie et al. [43] | Total | 4,330 ± 1,779.2 mg/day | 4,370 ± 2,289 mg/day | |
| Choi et al. [44] | Total | 3,776.1 ± 1,910.3 mg/day | - | |
| Song et al. [21] | Total | - | - | |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 5,490.5 ± 93.8 mg/day | - | ||
| Non-overweight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) | 5,051.7 ± 43.9 mg/day | - | ||
| Lim and Yang [45] | Total | 5,393.1 ± 75.2 mg/day | 130.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L | |
| FBG < 100 mg/dL & daily sodium intake ≤ 5,335 mg | ||||
| Normal with low sodium intake | - | 127.3 ± 1.6 mmol/L | ||
| Normal with high sodium intake | - | 134.2 ± 2.2 mmol/L | ||
| 100 ≤ FBG < 126 mg/dL & daily sodium intake ≤ 5,335 mg | ||||
| Pre-diabetes with low sodium intake | - | 127.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L | ||
| Pre-diabetes with high sodium intake | - | 138.3 ± 3.7 mmol/L | ||
| 126 mg/dL < FBG, received medical treatment for diabetes, or diagnosed with diabetes & daily sodium intake ≤ 5,335 mg | ||||
| Diabetes with low sodium intake | - | 121.4 ± 2.9 mmol/L | ||
| Diabetes with high sodium intake | - | 135.4 ± 5.7 mmol/L | ||
| Kim et al. [46] | Total | 4,866.02 ± 27.03 mg/day | - | |
| Daily sodium intake, g | ||||
| < 2 | - | - | ||
| 2–4 | - | - | ||
| 4–6 | - | - | ||
| 6–8 | - | - | ||
| ≥ 8 | - | - | ||
| Oh et al. [47] | Total | - | 189.7 ± 7.69 mEq/day (Obese) | |
| 114.8 ± 9.38 mEq/day (Non-obese) | ||||
| 24-hour sodium excretion, mEq/day | ||||
| < 110 | - | - | ||
| 110–180 | - | - | ||
| > 180 | - | - | ||
| Oh et al. [48] | Total | - | - | |
| 24-hour sodium excretion, g/day | ||||
| 2.7 (2.3–3.1) | 4.7 ± 3.2 g/day | - | ||
| 3.7 (3.4–4.1) | 4.9 ± 3.2 g/day | - | ||
| 4.6 (4.1–5.0) | 5.1 ± 3.3 g/day | - | ||
| 5.9 (5.2–6.5) | 5.1 ± 3.3 g/day | - | ||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose.