Table 5. Variables related to sugar intake of reviewed studies.
| Study | Group classification | Carbohydrate intake, g/day | Coffee-mix intake, g/day | Coffee-mix’s contribution to energy, % | Total sugar*, g | % energy from total sugar | Sugar intake, g | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milk | Fruit | Beverage | Other† | |||||||
| Kim et al. [51] | Total | - | 8.9 ± 10.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Coffee-mix‡ drinkers | 13.4 ± 6.1 (Gangneung) | 16.6 ± 7.6 (Gangneung) | 3.4 ± 1.5 (Gangneung) | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 17.1 ± 8.8 (Samcheok) | 21.2 ± 10.9 (Samcheok) | 4.7 ± 2.5 (Samcheok) | ||||||||
| Hur et al. [52] | Total | - | - | - | 34.5 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 21.8 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
*Total sugar category contained food source such as fruit, milk, beverages, and other sugar; †Other sugar was defined as total sugar excluded from fruit, milk, beverages, and contained sweets (chocolate, caramels, candies, jellies, gum), sweetened grains (cakes, doughnuts, waffles and pancakes), sweetened dairy products (flavored yogurt, flavored milk), syrup, and natural sugar from grains and vegetables; ‡Coffee-mix is a mixture of instant coffee, sugar, and coffee-creamer.