Table 2.
Indications, findings, and interventions for inpatient versus ASC ERCP, EUS, and the total population.
| ERCP | EUS | Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN | ASC | ALL | p ∗ (95% CI) | IN | ASC | ALL | p ∗ (95% CI) | IN | ASC | ALL | p ∗ (95% CI) | |
| Indications | ||||||||||||
| Biliary | ||||||||||||
| Obstructive jaundice | 39 (51%) | 37 (23%) | 76 (32%) | 0.0005 | 10 (46%) | 8 (7%) | 18 (13%) | 0.07 | 49 (50%) | 45 (16%) | 94 (25%) | <0.0001 |
| SOD | 24 (32%) | 40 (25%) | 64 (27%) | 0.02 | 3 (14%) | 8 (7%) | 11 (8%) | 0.98 | 27 (28%) | 48 (17%) | 75 (20%) | 0.02 |
| Dilated biliary ductal system | 31 (41%) | 25 (16%) | 56 (24%) | < 0.0001 | 4 (18%) | 5 (4%) | 9 (7%) | 0.94 | 35 (36%) | 30 (11%) | 65 (17%) | 0.003 |
| Choledocholithiasis | 19 (25%) | 22 (14%) | 41 (17%) | 0.046 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 19 (19%) | 22 (8%) | 41 (11%) | 0.55 |
| Elevated LFT | 17 (20%) | 5 (3%) | 22 (9%) | 0.0002 | 3 (14%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (3%) | 1.00 | 20 (20%) | 6 (2%) | 26 (7%) | 0.004 |
| Cholangitis | 9 (12%) | 0 | 9 (4%) | 0.92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 9 (9%) | 10 (3%) | 9 (2%) | 1.00 |
| Biliary stricture | 3 (4%) | 8 (5%) | 11 (5%) | 0.37 | 1 (5%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0.99 | 4 (4%) | 9 (3%) | 13 (4%) | 0.62 |
| Stent extraction | 9 (12%) | 28 (18%) | 37 (16%) | 0.12 | 1 (5%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0.99 | 10 (10%) | 28 (10%) | 38 (10%) | 0.03 |
| Bile leak | 10 (13%) | 14 (9%) | 24 (10%) | 0.53 | 1 (5%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0.98 | 11 (11%) | 14 (5%) | 25 (7%) | 0.35 |
| Pancreatic | ||||||||||||
| Pancreatic mass | 8 (11%) | 10 (6%) | 18 (8%) | 0.09 | 6 (27%) | 26 (22%) | 32 (23%) | 0.19 | 14 (14%) | 36 (13%) | 50 (13%) | <0.0001 |
| Pancreatic cyst | 0 | 6 (4%) | 6 (3%) | 0.96 | 1 (5%) | 38 (33%) | 39 (28%) | 0.22 | 1 (1%) | 44 (16%) | 45 (12%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 2 (3%) | 16 (10%) | 18 (8%) | 0.11 | 1 (5%) | 8 (7%) | 9 (7%) | 0.37 | 3 (3%) | 24 (9%) | 27 (7%) | 0.48 |
| Gall stone pancreatitis | 11 (15%) | 1 (1%) | 12 (5%) | 0.003 | 3 (14%) | 3 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 0.02 | 14 (14%) | 4 (1%) | 18 (5%) | 0.009 |
| Pancreatic divisum | 1 (1%) | 10 (6%) | 11 (5%) | 0.11 | 0 | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0.99 | 1 (1%) | 14 (5%) | 15 (4%) | 0.44 |
| Neoplastic | ||||||||||||
| Any neoplasm | 11 (15%) | 12 (8%) | 23 (10%) | 0.10 | 3 (14%) | 29 (25%) | 32 (23%) | 0.61 | 21 (21%) | 44 (16%) | 65 (17%) | <0.0001 |
| Palliation neoplasm | 5 (7%) | 1 (1%) | 6 (3%) | 0.06 | 2 (9%) | 0 | 2 (1%) | 1.00 | 7 (7%) | 1 (1%) | 8 (2%) | 0.50 |
| Staging of neoplasm | 6 (8%) | 6 (4%) | 12 (5%) | 0.68 | 5 (23%) | 46 (39%) | 51 (37%) | 0.98 | 11 (11%) | 52 (19%) | 63 (17%) | <0.0001 |
| Generalized | ||||||||||||
| Chronic abdominal pain | 8 (11%) | 53 (33%) | 61 (26%) | 0.0004 | 0 | 6 (5%) | 6 (3%) | 0.99 | 8 (8%) | 59 (21%) | 67 (18%) | <0.0001 |
| Intervention | ||||||||||||
| ERCP | ||||||||||||
| Biliary | ||||||||||||
| EBS | 57 (75%) | 108 (68%) | 165 (70%) | <0.0001 | NA | 1.00 | 57 (58%) | 108 (39%) | 165 (44%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Needle knife | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1.00 | ||
| SEMS | 12 (16%) | 5 (3%) | 17 (8%) | 0.06 | NA | 1.00 | 12 (12%) | 5 (2%) | 17 (5%) | 0.06 | ||
| Plastic stent | 23 (30%) | 18 (11%) | 41 (17%) | 0.003 | NA | 1.00 | 23 (24%) | 18 (7%) | 41 (11%) | 0.003 | ||
| Cytology | 11 (15%) | 22 (14%) | 33 (14%) | 0.0002 | NA | 1.00 | 11 (1%) | 22 (8%) | 33 (9%) | 0.0002 | ||
| Cholangioscopy | 4 (5%) | 11 (7%) | 15 (11%) | 0.40 | NA | 1.00 | 4 (4%) | 11 (4%) | 15 (4%) | 0.40 | ||
| Manometry | 2 (3%) | 18 (11%) | 20 (9%) | 0.47 | NA | 1.00 | 2 (2%) | 18 (7%) | 20 (5%) | 0.47 | ||
| Pancreatic | ||||||||||||
| EPS | 6 (8%) | 30 (19%) | 36 (15%) | 0.03 | NA | 1.00 | 6 (6%) | 30 (11%) | 36 (10%) | 0.03 | ||
| Minor duct papillotomy | 1 (1%) | 8 (5%) | 9 (4%) | 0.92 | NA | 1.00 | 1 (1%) | 8 (3%) | 9 (2%) | 0.92 | ||
| PD Stent | 21 (28%) | 44 (28%) | 65 (28%) | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | 21 (21%) | 44 (16%) | 65 (17%) | 0.60 | ||
| Ampullary biopsy | 2 (3%) | 13 (8%) | 15 (6%) | 0.13 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1.00 | 3 (3%) | 14 (5%) | 17 (5%) | 0.81 |
| EUS | ||||||||||||
| FNA | NA | 1.00 | 12 (55%) | 77 (66%) | 89 (64%) | <0.0001 | 12 (12%) | 77 (28%) | 89 (24%) | <0.0001 | ||
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS: endoscopic ultrasound; IN: inpatients; ASC: ambulatory surgical center patients; ALL: inpatients + ASC patients; GI: gastrointestinal; LFT: liver function tests; SOD: sphincter of Oddi dysfunction; GIST: gastrointestinal stromal tumor; IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; NE: neuroendocrine; EBS: endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy; EPS: endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy; SEMS: self-expanding metal stent; FNA: fine needle aspiration.
∗Note that p < 0.01 is significant.