Figure 4.

Early appearance of activated CCR4⁺ T_CM in peripheral blood during ART. PBMC samples taken pre-ART and after one month of ART (mo1) were analyzed to investigate co-expression of CCR4, HLA DR, ICOS, and PD-1 on CD4⁺ T cells, as well as whether these phenotypes coincide with the T_CM subset. (A) Frequency of CCR4⁺ cells within HLA-DR⁺, ICOS⁺, and PD-1⁺ cells. (B) Frequency of HLA-DR, ICOS, or PD-1 expressing CCR4⁺ cells. Expression of Th subset-defining chemokine receptors on CCR4⁺ (C) or non-naïve (D) CD4⁺ T cells. (E) Differentiation pattern of CCR4⁺ cells. Differentiation indices (DI; medians and interquartile ranges) are indicated below each pie. (F) Expression of Th subset-defining chemokine receptors on T_CM cells. (G) Proportion of CCR4⁺ T_CM and CCR4⁻ T_CM over time. (H) Expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in CCR4⁺ T_CM and CCR4⁻ T_CM over time. Bar graphs show interquartile ranges, median bars, as well as individual data points. The interquartile range of given phenotypes (orange areas in bar charts) or average distribution patterns (pie charts) in healthy donors are shown. Mo1 measurements were compared to corresponding pre-ART values: *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001.