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. 2016 Oct 12;3(1):e000118. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000118

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Composite figure (pie charts) highlighting several HRAM characteristics of the study cohort. (A) Balloon expulsion test; (B) per cent prevalence of certain anal sphincter measurements, such as low IAS and low EAS, predisposing to faecal incontinence; normal sphincter profiles for IAS and EAS; and high IAS and EAS (anismus) predisposing to constipation. (C) Per cent prevalence of abnormal balloon sensation tests (in red) denoting impaired rectal sensation. (D) Percentage of patients with absent rectoanal inhibitory reflex (in red), suggestive of impaired rectoanal coordination. EAS, external anal sphincter; HRAM, high-resolution anorectal manometry; IAS, internal anal sphincter.