Table 1.
CFA standardised loadings, measurement errors and intra-class correlations (by school)
| Subscales | Items in questionnaire | Factor loading | Measurement error | Intraclass correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family connection | At home, there is an adult who: | |||
| Is interested in my school work | 0.77 | 0.007 | 0.040 | |
| Believes that I will be a success | 0.85 | 0.006 | 0.034 | |
| Wants me to do my best | 0.86 | 0.009 | 0.057 | |
| Listens to me when I have something to say | 0.81 | 0.005 | 0.037 | |
| School connection | At school, there is an adult who: | |||
| Really cares about me | 0.79 | 0.024 | 0.176 | |
| Tells me when I do a good job | 0.86 | 0.011 | 0.140 | |
| Listens to me when I have something to say | 0.84 | 0.006 | 0.147 | |
| Believes that I will be a success | 0.85 | 0.010 | 0.114 | |
| Community connection | Away from school, there is an adult who: | |||
| Really cares about me | 0.90 | 0.003 | 0.041 | |
| Tells me when I do a good job | 0.92 | 0.002 | 0.038 | |
| Believes that I will be a success | 0.94 | 0.002 | 0.040 | |
| I trust | 0.85 | 0.004 | 0.044 | |
| Participation in home and school life | Home and school | |||
| I do things at home that make a difference (i.e. make things better) | 0.77 | 0.005 | 0.032 | |
| I help my family make decisions | 0.75 | 0.005 | 0.014 | |
| At school, I decide things like class activities or rules | 0.69 | 0.007 | 0.036 | |
| I do things at my school that make a difference (i.e. make things better) | 0.81 | 0.005 | 0.044 | |
| Participation in community life | Away from school | |||
| I am a member of a club, sports team, church group, or other group | 0.80 | 0.012 | 0.063 | |
| I take lessons in music, art, sports, or have a hobby | 0.88 | 0.011 | 0.057 | |
| Self-esteem | I can work out my problems | 0.77 | 0.005 | 0.033 |
| I can do most things if I try | 0.83 | 0.005 | 0.061 | |
| There are many things that I do well | 0.83 | 0.005 | 0.064 | |
| Empathy | I feel bad when someone gets their feelings hurt | 0.80 | 0.007 | 0.043 |
| I try to understand what other people feel | 0.87 | 0.006 | 0.036 | |
| Problem solving | When I need help, I find someone to talk to | 0.83 | 0.004 | 0.043 |
| I know where to go for help when I have a problem | 0.84 | 0.004 | 0.056 | |
| I try to work out problems by talking about them | 0.81 | 0.004 | 0.040 | |
| Goals and aspirations | I have goals and plans for future | 0.75 | 0.007 | 0.039 |
| I think I will be successful when I grow up | 0.90 | 0.006 | 0.065 | |
| Peer support | Are there students at your school who would: | |||
| Choose you on their team at school | 0.72 | 0.005 | 0.029 | |
| Explain the rules of a game if you didn’t understand them | 0.75 | 0.005 | 0.054 | |
| Invite you to their home | 0.75 | 0.004 | 0.041 | |
| Share things with you | 0.83 | 0.004 | 0.038 | |
| Help you if you hurt yourself | 0.84 | 0.005 | 0.050 | |
| Miss you if you weren’t at school | 0.79 | 0.004 | 0.040 | |
| Make you feel better if something is bothering you | 0.86 | 0.004 | 0.028 | |
| Pick you for a partner | 0.81 | 0.004 | 0.034 | |
| Help you if other students are being mean to you | 0.85 | 0.004 | 0.039 | |
| Tell you you’re their friend | 0.87 | 0.004 | 0.031 | |
| Ask you to join in when you are all alone | 0.86 | 0.003 | 0.039 | |
| Tell you secrets | 0.73 | 0.005 | 0.047 | |
All factor loadings in CFA are significant at p < 0.001; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.01, SRMR within = 0.03; SRMR between = 0.62; n = 7663