Table 2.
Studies documenting population coverage only (n = 28, in chronological order)
| Author, year, country | Epidemiology (baseline parasitemia) | Study type and the context | Anti-malarial | Coverage/% | Additional interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingsbury 1931, Malaysia [58] | 28% (Malaria incidence had been high for many years in the rubber estate) | Non-RCT Plasmoquine was administered to all individuals living in rubber plantation and the control population was chosen from another rubber plantation estate. The population composed of labourers working in rubber industry and the considerable fluctuation of population was observed over the years |
Plasmoquine | 97 | Larviciding |
| Kligler 1931, Palestine [59] | 69.4% in children age 0–14 years old | Before and after study carried out in 5 villages adjacent to Huleh marsh | Plasmochine + quinine | 80 | NR |
| Gribben 1933, Trinidad and Tobago [28] | NR (259 cases treated during October–December 1931; and 96 cases treated during July 1932 | Before and after study (compared malaria cases seeking treatment before MDA and after MDA) | Plasmoquine + quinine | 80 | Lake draining and oiling |
| Henderson 1934, Sudan [29] | NR. Heavily infected village | Non-RCT. 160 members of an isolated community in Sudan (~1/2 of population) | Quinoplasmine + plasmoquine | 100 | Larviciding |
| White 1934, India [60] | 55% | Non-RCT Children of age 0–10 years living in a railway settlement and an adjacent village were selected for both control and intervention | Euquinine, plasmochin | 94 | Larviciding |
| Ray 1948, India [61] | 0.7% in adults to 35% in children | Before and after study conducted in tea estate in India | Paludrine | 75 | IRS |
| Banerjea 1949, India [62] | 4.37% | Non-RCT. The study was conducted in rural west Bengal | Proguanil | 89 | NR |
| Van Goor 1950(C), Indonesia [63] | 26 5–40% | Before and After study Different study arms examining the efficacy of monotherapy mainly with varying prophylactic doses of proguanil (a small subgroup was given chloroquine). The goal was to establish an optimal dosing regimen |
Proguanil and chloroquine | 90 | NR |
| Norman 1952, India [64] | NR | Descriptive The chemoprophylaxis in Assam Valley tea estate populations (laborers and their families) was conducted for 6 months. Half of the populations did not take the medicine as evidenced in their examined urine |
Proguanil | 52 | NR |
| Archibald 1956, Nigeria [65] | 48.7% (5–10 years) | Non-RCT Children with 5–10 years age group were selected for the chemotherapy |
Pyrimethamine | 80 | NR |
| Clyde 1958, Tanzania [66] | 82.6% | Before and after Labourers on tea estate in eastern Usumbara Mountains |
Pyrimethamine | 82 | IRS |
| Van Dijk 1958, Netherlands New Guinea (PNG) [67] | 11.2% | Before and after Inhabitants of 30 villages in Demta district |
Chloroquine | 93 | IRS with DDT |
| Afridi 1959, Pakistan [68] | NR | Non-RCT Population at villages near Daur river in Hazara district of west Pakistan |
Pyrimethamine | 96 | NR |
| Van Dijk 1961, Netherlands New Guinea (PNG) [69] | 17.5% | Before and after Inhabitants of Inanwatan. Area is unstable hyperendemic |
Chloroquine | 97.2 | NR |
| Metselaar 1961, Netherlands New Guinea [70] | 12–28% | Before and after The population lived near lake Sentani and were likely to sleep in garden houses |
Chloroquine + pyrimethamine | 90 | IRS with DDT |
| Ho 1965, China [71] | NR | Descriptive Mass screen and treat study |
Chloroquine + primaquine, pyrimethamine + primaquine | 95 | ND |
| Ossi 1967, Iraq [72] | NR Annual incidence of malaria cases 2221 |
Before and after Chemoprophylaxis was conducted in Basrah city with the highest malaria incidence |
Chloroquine + pyrimethamine | 57 5 | IRS with DDT |
| Singh 1968, India [73] | 0.98 cases/1000/population/month | Before and after All people in 29 villages in Azamgarh but in subsequent rounds only targeted febrile cases, their contacts and housemates |
Chloroquine, primaquine | 72.7 | IRS with DDT |
| Lakshmanacharyulu 1968, India [74] | 56.3% | Before and after Labourers within a dam and canal project area previously not know to be malaria endemic |
Chloroquine + pyrimethamine | 80 | IRS with DDT, larviciding |
| Onori 1972, Syria [75] | Average monthly number of malaria cases: 46.6 | Before and After All individuals in Ghab Village |
Chloroquine + pyrimethamine | 85 | IRS with DDT |
| Najera 1973, Nigeria [76] | 19% | Non-RCT All villagers older than 3 months from Kankiya district in North Central State |
Chloroquine + pyrimethamine | 85.9 | IRS with DDT |
| Schliessmann 1973, Haiti [77] | 0.02/1000 population/month | Descriptive No details on drug or the regimen Population of 3 localities within Section Rurale I Varreux |
NR | 40 | IRS with DDT |
| Paik 1974a, British Soloman Islands [78] | 27.8% | Before and after study Only children aged 2–9 years of north coastal areas of Nggela island group |
Chloroquine + pyrimethamine | 90 | IRS with DDT |
| Paik 1974b, British Soloman Islands [78] | 18/1000 population/month | Before and after Study Population of Gilbertese settlements in western district. Sleeping outdoor is common here |
Chloroquine + primaquine | 90 | NR |
| Kondrashin 1985, India [79] | In 1980: Pv: 3.4/1000pop/month and Pf: 1.9/1000pop/month | Before and after Inhabitants of 8 PHC (Primary Health Centre) catchment area in five malaria endemic districts of Andhra Pradesh |
Chloroquine + primaquine | 85 | IRS |
| Strickland 1986, Pakistan [80] | 24.9% | Before and after All individuals above age 3 years. Suspected cases of malaria were treated with chloroquine and individuals with parasitemia were treated with Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine |
Sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine | 67.3 | NR |
| Hii 1987, Malaysia [81] | 46.3–55.6% | Before and after The intervention intended to determine the effects of impregnated bed nets. Improver and lack of use and damage to the bed nets and reluctance of the population to take the drugs were noticed |
SP + primaquine | 81.6 | ITNs |
| Babione 1996, Central America (multiple locations) [82] | NR | Descriptive Field test in El Salvador. Population and intervention not well described |
Chloroquine + primaquine | 77.5 | IRS with DDT, larviciding |