Table 5.
Baseline predictors for chronic low back pain (LBP) in Dphacto, N = 842
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | n | OR (95 % CI) | P-value | OR (95 % CI) | P-value | OR (95 % CI) | P-value |
| Age (years) | 842 | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.01 | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.29 |
| Gender | 842 | ||||||
| Male | 430 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| Female | 412 | 1.14 (0.81–1.61) | 0.46 | 1.08 (0.76–1.54) | 0.65 | 1.17 (0.75–1.83) | 0.49 |
| Sector | 842 | ||||||
| Manufacturing | 602 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| Cleaning | 164 | 1.36 (0.89–2.08) | 0.25 | 1.25 (0.79–1.98) | 0.46 | 1.05 (0.63–1.77) | 0.83 |
| Transport | 76 | 1.06 (0.57–1.96) | 0.75 | 1.04 (0.55–1.98) | 0.83 | 0.97 (0.47–2.01) | 0.89 |
| Position | 842 | ||||||
| Blue-collar | 693 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| White-collar | 149 | 0.30 (0.16–0.57) | <.01 | 0.30 (0.16–0.56) | <.01 | 0.46 (0.21–0.99) | <0.05 |
| Seniority | 816 | ||||||
| 0–5 years | 178 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 5–10 years | 192 | 0.91 (0.53–1.58) | 0.41 | 0.88 (0.51–1.52) | 0.60 | 0.92 (0.50–1.68) | 0.54 |
| 10–20 years | 220 | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) | 0.57 | 0.85 (0.50–1.45) | 0.45 | 0.90 (0.49–1.64) | 0.45 |
| > 20 years | 226 | 1.38 (0.84–2.27) | 0.06 | 1.13 (0.66–1.93) | 0.30 | 1.34 (0.72–2.48) | 0.14 |
| Workability | 842 | ||||||
| 9–10 | 469 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 8 | 211 | 2.11 (1.37–3.23) | 0.62 | 2.11 (1.38–3.25) | 0.59 | 1.70 (1.06–2.71) | 0.68 |
| 0–7 | 163 | 3.65 (2.37–5.60) | <.01 | 3.61 (2.34–5.56) | <.01 | 2.41 (1.49–3.89) | <0.01 |
| Physical strain at work | 813 | ||||||
| 1–3 | 224 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 4–7 | 415 | 2.05 (1.26–3.34) | 0.25 | 2.06 (1.27–3.37) | 0.22 | 1.17 (0.64–2.12) | 0.93 |
| 8–10 | 174 | 2.74 (1.59–4.72) | <.01 | 2.69 (1.55–4.67) | <.01 | 1.41 (0.72–2.77) | 0.29 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 842 | ||||||
| < 25 | 306 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 25–30 | 320 | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | 0.80 | 0.90 (0.60–1.34) | 0.80 | 0.73 (0.46–1.15) | 0.96 |
| > 30 | 216 | 0.90 (0.58–1.41) | 0.79 | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) | 0.72 | 0.54 (0.32–0.90) | <0.05 |
| Back endurance | 842 | ||||||
| = > 90 sec | 326 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 46–89 sec | 89 | 1.82 (0.96–3.47) | 0.95 | 1.80 (0.94–3.43) | 0.99 | 1.56 (0.78–3.12) | 0.91 |
| 11–45 sec | 124 | 2.10 (1.20–3.68) | 0.50 | 2.05 (1.17–3.61) | 0.48 | 1.76 (0.93–3.35) | 0.48 |
| < 10 sec | 303 | 3.03 (1.97–4.68) | <.01 | 2.81 (1.80–4.39) | <.01 | 1.92 (1.16–3.19) | 0.14 |
| LBP intensity baseline | 837 | ||||||
| 0 | 257 | REF | REF | REF | |||
| 1–4 | 295 | 3.12 (1.76–5.84) | 0.14 | 3.26 (1.74–6.10) | 0.19 | 3.28 (1.71–6.27) | 0.57 |
| 5–7 | 175 | 9.06 (4.86–16.88) | <.01 | 9.24 (4.95–17.27) | <.01 | 7.85 (4.11–14.99) | <.01 |
| 8–10 | 110 | 8.44 (4.32–16.50) | <.01 | 8.40 (4.29–16.46) | <.01 | 6.52 (3.19–13.33) | <.01 |
The four categories of low back pain (LBP) defined as: (1) ‘Low Pain Level and low Pain Variation’, (2) ‘Low Pain Level and high Pain Variation’, (3) ‘High Pain Level and high Pain Variation’ and (4) ‘High Pain Level and low Pain Variation’ (chronic LBP). Analyses are made with logistic regression based on all blue- and white-collar workers included. OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence limits, REF = Reference group, BMI = Body Mass Index, LBP = Low back pain. Model 1: Crude analysis, Model 2: Adjusted for age and gender, Model 3: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, back endurance, baseline LBP intensity, sector, seniority, workability and physical strain in work. Significance level is set at p>0.05