Table 1.
Summary of acupuncture for animal PD models
| First author (year) | Type of animal PD models | Sex of animal PD models | Drugs used to induce PD | Types of acupuncture | Types of acupuncture points | Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bai (2014a) [22] | Undefined | Undefined | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, EX-HN5 | DA |
| Bai (2014b) [8] | Undefined | Male | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, EX-HN5 | Caspase-3 |
| Feng (2014) [10] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | Undefined | Pole-climbing test, BDNF, TH, DA |
| Yeo (2013) [19] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GB34, LR3 | TH, gene expression |
| Alvarez-Fischer (2013) [7] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | BV | Undefined | DA, DOPAC, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, HVA, TH, rotational test |
| Ding (2013) [11] | SD | Male | 6-OHDA | EA | LI4, LR3 | nNOS, GFAP |
| Wang (2013a) [9] | SD | Male | Rotenone | EA | GV16, LR3 | TH, COX-2 |
| Wang (2013b) [23] | SD | Male | Rotenone | EA | GV16, LR3 | TH, p-p38 MARK, COX-2 |
| Wang (2013c) [12] | SD | Male | Rotenone | EA | GV16, LR3 | TH, SOD, GSH, CAT, MDA |
| Wang (2013d) [24] | SD | Male | Rotenone | EA | GV16, LR3 | UCH-L1, UBE1, Parkin, TH, α-synuclein |
| Ding (2012) [25] | SD | Male | 6-OHDA | EA | LI4, LR3 | TH, GFAP, PCNA |
| Huang (2012) [26] | ICR | Male | MPTP | EA | GB34 | Lamp 1, α-synuclein |
| Lu (2012) [27] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | EA | GV20, GV16, GB34 | Locomotor counts, swimming test, pole-climbing test |
| Guo (2012) [28] | SD | Male | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, GV16, GB34 | GSH, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px |
| Yang (2011) [29] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | EA | PC7 | Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, DOPAC, HVA |
| Choi (2011) [18] | C57/BL6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GB34, LR3 | TH, DAT, gene expression |
| Kim (2011) [30] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | BV | ST36 | MAC-1, iNOS, TH |
| Du (2011) [31] | SD | Male | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, GV14 | GABA, rotational test |
| Wang (2011) [32] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | EA | ST36, SP6 | TH, DA, DOPAC, HVA, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px |
| Doo (2010) [33] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | BV | GB34 | TH |
| Hong (2010) [34] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GB34 | Gene expression |
| Jun (2010) [35] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | BV | BL23 | TH, caspase-3, iNOS |
| Kim (2010) [36] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | EA | GB34, GB39 | DA |
| Park (2010) [37] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | BV | GB39, LI11, BL23 | TH, MAC-1, HSP70 |
| Sun (2010) [38] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GV20, GV14 | Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, DOPAC |
| Wang (2010a) [39] | Wistar | Undefined | 6-OHDA | EA | GV16, LR3 | TH, DA |
| Wang (2010b) [40] | Wistar | Undefined | 6-OHDA | EA | GV16, LR3,CV4, ST36 | GDNF |
| Wang (2010c) [41] | C57/BL6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GV20, GV14 | Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, NA, DOPAC, 5HIAA, 5HT |
| Yu (2010) [42] | Wistar | Male | 6-OHDA | MA | GB34, LR3, ST36, SP10 | Rotational test, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GSH, MDA |
| Huang (2010) [43] | Wistar | Male | 6-OHDA | EA | LI4, LR3 | Rotational test, BDNF, TrKB |
| Choi (2009) [21] | C57/BL6 | Male | MPTP | MA | LR3, GB34 | TH, DAT |
| Kim (2009) [44] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | BV | BL23 | TH, MAC-1, HSP70 |
| Wang (2009a) [45] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, EX-NH5 | TH, BDNF |
| Wang (2009b) [46] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, EX-NH5 | TH, DAT |
| Kim (2008) [47] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GB34 | TH |
| Guan (2008) [48] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | EA | GV20 | Fn |
| Wang (2008) [49] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, EX-NH5 | TH |
| Jeon (2008) [50] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | EA | GB34, SI3, BL62, ST36 | Pole-climbing test, TH, DA, BDNF |
| Xie (2007) [51] | Wistar | Undefined | 6-OHDA | MA | GV20 | Rotational test, MDA, NO, SOD |
| Kang (2007) [52] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GB34, LR3 | TH, COX-2, iNOS, DA, DOPAC, HVA |
| Huang (2007) [53] | SD | Male | 6-OHDA | MA | GB34, LR3 | TH |
| Luo (2007) [54] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, EX-NH5 | NOS |
| Wang (2007) [55] | SD | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | MA | GV20, GV16, GB34 | Rotational test, DA |
| Jin (2006a) [56] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | Undefined | GSH, GSH-Px,SOD, MDA, NOS |
| Jin (2006b) [57] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | Undefined | DA, HVA, DOPAC |
| Ma (2006) [58] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV16, LR3 | Rotational test, DA |
| Tang (2006) [59] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | EA | LI4, LR3 | BDNF |
| Wang (2006) [60] | SD | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV16, LR6 | Glutamic acid |
| Kim (2006) [61] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | LR8, LR4, LR2 | TH |
| Kim (2005) [62] | SD | Undefined | 6-OHDA | MA | ST36 | Rotational test, TH |
| Ma (2005) [63] | Wistar | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV16, LR3 | Rotational test, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px |
| Wang (2005) [64] | Wistar | Undefined | 6-OHDA | MA | GV16, LR3, CV4, ST36 | TH |
| Park (2003) [65] | SD | Male | 6-OHDA | MA | GB34, LR3, LI4, LI11 | Rotational test, TH, TrkB |
| Liang (2002) [66] | Wistar | Female | MFB transection | EA | GV14, GV21 | TH, BDNF |
| Lin (2000) [67] | SD | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | LR3, SP6, ST36, GB34 | DA, HVA, DOPAC |
| He (1998) [68] | SD | Male, Female | 6-OHDA | EA | GV20, GV14 | DA, NA, 5HT |
| Zhu (1996) [69] | C57BL/6 | Male | MPTP | MA | GV20 | DA, DOPAC |
Abbreviations: BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BV Bee-venom acupuncture, CAT Catalase, Caspase-3: caspase protein, COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2, DA Dopamine, DAT Dopamine active transporter, DOPAC Dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, EA Electro-acupuncture, Fn Ferritin, GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid, GDNF Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GSH Glutathione, GSHpx Glutathione peroxidase, HSP70 70 kilo Dalton heat shock proteins, HVA Homovanillic acid, IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta, IL-6 Interleukin-6, iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Lamp 1 Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, MA Manual acupuncture, MAC-1 Macrophage-1 antigen, MDA Malondialdehyde, NO Nitric oxide, nNos Neuronal nitric oxide synthase, MFB Medial forebrain bundle, MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, p-p38 MARK Phospho-p38 MAPK, PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, SD Sprague–Dawley, SOD Superoxide dismutase, TH Tyrosine hydroxylase, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha, TrkB Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, UBE1 Ubiquitin-like Modifier Activating Enzyme 1, UCH-L1 Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase, 5HIAA 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5HT 5-hydroxytryptamine, 6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine