Table 3.

Effects of organic acids and phytase supplementation on histomorphology of duodenum of broilers at 42^nd day

Treatments		Villus height (µm)	Villus width ( µm)	Crypt depth (µm)	Epithelium thickness (µm)	Number of Goblet cells	Villus height / Crypt depth ratio
Vinegar (%)	0.00	1361	139	143	199	867	9.51
	2.00	1346	140	142	209	876	9.47
Citric acid (%)	0.00	1337b	136b	145	199	868	9.22b
	2.00	1370a	141a	141	201	876	9.71a
Phytase (FTU)	0.00	1356	137b	146a	199	870	9.28b
	500	1351	141a	140b	201	875	9.65a
Standard Error		10.00	1.10	1.30	2.20	8.00	0.12
p-value
Vinegar		0.31	0.38	0.57	0.72	0.51	0.54
Citric acid		0.04	0.02	0.07	0.57	0.51	0.01
Phytase		0.74	0.03	0.03	0.57	0.68	0.02
Vinegar × Citric		0.56	0.08	0.39	0.87	0.64	0.90
Vinegar × Phytase		0.38	0.75	0.08	0.06	0.96	0.06
Citric × Phytase		0.25	0.08	0.04	0.64	0.07	0.00
Vinegar × Citric × Phytase		0.06	0.31	0.51	0.08	0.40	0.06

^ab Different superscript letters within a column indicate significant differences at p ˂ 0 .05.