Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects by their willingness to initiate opioid agonist therapy
| Characteristic | Willing to start OAT | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Yes (N=421) | No OST (N=758) | Total (N=1179) | p-value | |
|
| ||||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| City | <0.0001 | |||
| Kyiv | 142 (33.7) | 135 (17.8) | 277 (23.5) | |
| Odesa | 46 (10.9) | 122 (16.1) | 168 (14.2) | |
| Mykolaiv | 56 (13.3) | 183 (24.1) | 239 (20.3) | |
| Dnipropetrovsk | 79 (18.8) | 187 (24.7) | 266 (22.6) | |
| Dnipropetrovsk | 98 (23.3) | 131 (13.3) | 229 (19.4) | |
| Lviv | ||||
| Gender (Male) | 328 (77.9) | 565 (74.5) | 893 (75.7) | 0.1957 |
| Age – Median (IQR) | 35 (30–41) | 35 (29–42) | 35 (30–40) | 0.9408 |
| Living with spouse/partner (yes vs. no) | 152 (36.1) | 246 (32.5) | 398 (33.7) | 0.2040 |
| Have children | 219 (52.0) | 384 (50.7) | 603 (51.1) | 0.6546 |
| Completed high school or higher | 359 (85.3) | 629 (83.0) | 988 (83.8) | 0.3062 |
| Employment | 0.2375 | |||
| Full time/Part time permanent job | 182 (43.2) | 366 (48.3) | 548 (46.5) | |
| Temporary/Seasonal/Day laborer | 68 (16.2) | 116 (15.3) | 184 (15.6) | |
| Not employed | 171 (40.6) | 276 (36.4) | 447 (37.9) | |
| Income | 0.5485 | |||
| <1200 UAH | 132 (31.4) | 245 (32.3) | 377 (32.0) | |
| 1200–3499 UAH | 192 (45.6) | 359 (47.4) | 551 (46.7) | |
| ≥3500 UAH | 97 (23.0) | 154 (20.3) | 251 (21.3) | |
| Stably housed | 404 (96.0) | 720 (95.0) | 1124 (95.3) | 0.4468 |
| Has been previously incarcerated | 174 (41.3) | 250 (32.9) | 424 (36.0) | 0.0042 |
| OAT experience | 108 (25.7) | 171 (22.6) | 279 (23.7) | 0.2311 |
| Injected drugs > 5 years | 377 (89.6) | 632 (83.4) | 1009 (85.6) | 0.0038 |
| Frequent drug injecting (>20 days) in the last 30 days | 244 (58.0) | 342 (45.1) | 586 (49.7) | <0.0001 |
| Poly-substance use (including alcohol) in the last 30 days | 186 (44.2) | 294 (38.8) | 480 (40.7) | 0.0709 |
| Poly-substance use (excluding alcohol) in the last 30 days | 177 (42.0) | 241 (31.8) | 418 (35.4) | 0.0004 |
| Overdose in the last 6 months | 52 (12.4) | 49 (6.5) | 101 (8.6) | 0.0005 |
| Official registered at a Narcology addiction treatment center | 207 (49.2) | 327 (43.1) | 534 (45.3) | 0.0463 |
| Prior drug treatment experience | 272 (64.6) | 435 (57.4) | 707 (60.0) | 0.0153 |
| Alcohol use disorder | 201 (47.7) | 377 (49.7) | 578 (49.0) | 0.5120 |
| Self-reported HIV status | 0.0603 | |||
| Positive | 127 (30.2) | 252 (33.3) | 379 (32.1) | |
| Negative | 177 (42.0) | 266 (35.1) | 443 (37.6) | |
| Unknown | 117 (27.8) | 240 (31.7) | 357 (30.3) | |
| Moderate to severe depression | 271 (64.4) | 391 (51.6) | 662 (56.1) | <0.0001 |
| Family members/friends who live with respondent support OAT | 184 (43.7) | 162 (21.4) | 346 (29.3) | <0.0001 |
| Positive attitude towards OAT (0–10 scale) – Median (IQR) | 8 (5–10) | 3 (0–6) | 5 (1–8) | <0.0001 |
| Negative attitude towards OAT (0–6 scale) – Median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 5 (3–6) | 4 (2–6) | <0.0001 |