Table 2.
Comparison of HADS anxiety and depression scores in German school population (N = 248; White, Leach, Sims, Atkinson, & Cottrell, 1999) with scores in siblings of children with CFS/ME (N = 32).
| Siblings Mean (SD) |
Normative sample Mean (SD) |
Proportion [95% CI] exceeding cut-off in sibling samplea | Proportion [95% CI] exceeding cut-off in normative samplea | p-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HADS anxietya | 6.75 (4.19), n = 32 | 7.2, n = 248 | 2/32 = 6.3% [0.8–20.8%] | 35/249 = 14.1% [10.0–19.0%] | .52 |
| HADS depressiona | 3.09 (2.74), n = 32 | 3.4, n = 249 | 1/32 = 3.1% [0.1–16.2%] | 5/248 = 2.0% [0.1–4.6%] | .28 |
HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; CFS/ME: chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval.
a
HADS anxiety cut-off > 11, HADS depression cut-off > 9 (White et al., 1999).
b
Fisher’s exact test for proportions comparing sibling sample with normative sample.