Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Control | T2D | p Value | BMI-adjusted p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 71 | 98 | – | |
| Male % | 45.1 | 51.7 | 0.452 | |
| Age (years) | 57.5±8.2 | 59.1±8.3 | 0.263 | |
| Weight (kg) | 70.6±12.0 | 82.2±13.7 | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8±4.0 | 30.7±4.4 | <0.001 | |
| Waist (cm) | 88.4±14.3 | 105.5±10.4 | <0.001 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129±21 | 143±21 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74±10 | 83±15 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 91.6±12.6 | 146.8±49.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μUI/mL) | 8.43±4.48 | 15.70±10.91 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.99±1.18 | 5.50±4.19 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.27±0.28 | 6.97±1.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 193.7±39.3 | 168.8±37.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mg/dl) | 54.4±11.3 | 45.1±10.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL-c (mg/dl) | 121.1±31.7 | 96.2±32.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 74.0 (59.5; 97.0) | 114.0 (87.0; 157.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | 0.94 (0.46; 2.53) | 3.46 (1.37; 5.72) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD for parametric data or as median (25th and 75th percentiles) for non-parametric data. Means were compared by a Student's t-test for normally distributed samples and a Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed samples. Adjustments by BMI were performed by means of a univariate general linear model. A Chi-Square test was used to compare proportions among groups. HOMA-IR=fasting insulin (μU/ml) x fasting glucose (mg/dl)/405.