Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study populationa
| All (n = 142) | Leptin |
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <11.42 ng/mL (n = 71) | ≥11.42 ng/mL (n = 71) | |||
| Age, years | 67 ± 12 | 65 ± 13 | 69 ± 12 | 0.06 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 86 (60) | 56 (79) | 30 (42) | 0.001 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 28 ± 6 | 25 ± 5 | 31 ± 6 | 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100 ± 15 | 93 ± 13 | 106 ± 14 | 0.001 |
| Presence of CVD, n (%) | 45 (32) | 20 (28) | 25 (35) | 0.471 |
| ACS on CT (%) | 3.0 ± 3.0 (1.85) | 2.5 ± 2.6 (1.58) | 3.5 ± 3.3 (2.32) | 0.111 |
| Bone mineral density (HU) | 130.4 ± 48.2 | 132 ± 47 | 128 ± 50 | 0.448 |
| Smoking habit, n (%) | 17 (12) | 14 (20) | 3 (4) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 60 (42) | 26 (37) | 34 (48) | 0.234 |
| Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 153 ± 26 | 150 ± 25 | 156 ± 27 | 0.226 |
| Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 81 ± 12 | 81 ± 13 | 81 ± 12 | 0.948 |
| CKD stage, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
| 2 | 12 (8) | 10 (14) | 2 (3) | |
| 3 | 37 (26) | 20 (28) | 17 (24) | |
| 4 | 37 (26) | 13 (18) | 24 (34) | |
| 5 | 10 (7) | 4 (6) | 6 (8) | |
| 5D | 46 (32) | 24 (34) | 22 (31) | |
aData are expressed as the mean ± SD or, for binary variables, the number (frequency). Between-group comparisons were made using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.
ACS, Aortic calcification score; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CT, computed tomography; HU, Hounsfield units.