The copper-binding site in LPMOs. (a) The copper(II)-binding site (PDB entry 4alc) and (b) the photoreduced copper(I)-binding site (PDB entry 4alt) of EfAA10_A. (c) The copper(II)-binding site (PDB entry 5acg) and (d) the partially photoreduced copper(II)/(I)-binding site (PDB entry 5ach) of LsAA9_A. The copper spheres are in cyan to indicate copper(II) and in a copper colour to indicate copper(I). All electron-density maps (2F
o − F
c) are contoured at the 1.5σ level. (e) Superposition of all structurally characterized copper-loaded LPMOs. AA9 members (PDB entries 4eir, 4qi8, 4eis, 4d7u, 4b5q, 3zud and 5ach) are shown in green, AA10 members (PDB entries 5fjq, 4alt, 5aa7, 4oy6, 4oy7, 5ftz, 4gbo and 4x27) in yellow, AoAA11 (PDB entry 4mai) in cyan and AoAA13 (PDB entry 4opb) in magenta. See Table 1 ▸ for the protein names of the AA9 and AA10 members.