Figure 2.
(A) Illumination of Langendorff-perfused mouse heart ex vivo. Reproduced from Richter et al.51 © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York, with permission of Springer. (B) Schematic representation illustrating endoscopic access routes for illumination of the human heart through the inferior/superior vena cava (i/ii) or the aorta (iii). Reproduced with permission from Klimas and Entcheva.53 (C) Integumentary 3D-printed membrane on the epicardium of a rabbit heart with sensors and a micro-LED. Reproduced by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd, from Xu et al.54 © 2014. (D) Design of a light-emitting diode-optical fiber assembly. Reproduced with permission from Stark et al.55