Table 1.

Testicular cancer – diagnosis and treatment

General staging:

Computed tomography scan and tumor markers (α-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, lactate dehydrogenase)

Stage I:

Tumor in one or both testicles

Treatment

All patients followed on a surveillance program

Metastatic disease

Divided according to prognostic factors into a good, intermediate, and poor risk group

Treatment

Radiotherapy for stage IIa and IIb seminoma with lymph nodes <3 cm.

Three or four cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin for all other patients

Risk factors

Histology, tumor markers, metastases outside lung and lymph nodes, extragonadal tumors in mediastinum of nonseminoma origin