Figure 1.
Predicted mean number of limitations by the number of chronic conditions, stratified by sex and age group, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012, for all 19 limitations and for ADL and IADL (7 limitations) only. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the association between multimorbidity and functional limitation, adjusted for age, body mass index, and smoking. Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.
| No. of Chronic Conditions | Men |
Women |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aged 65–74 y | Aged ≥75 y | Aged 65–74 y | Aged ≥75 y | |
| For all 19 limitations | ||||
| 0 | 1.07 | 1.80 | 1.22 | 2.02 |
| 1 | 1.51 | 2.27 | 1.80 | 2.66 |
| 2 | 2.07 | 2.96 | 2.64 | 3.71 |
| 3 | 2.91 | 3.71 | 3.93 | 4.97 |
| 4 | 3.92 | 4.84 | 5.66 | 6.72 |
| 5 | 5.55 | 6.26 | 8.03 | 9.00 |
| 6 | 7.27 | 7.94 | 11.8 | 12.4 |
| 7 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 22.0 | 16.5 |
| 8 | 11.2 | 20.1 | 22.8 | 25.2 |
| For ADL and IADL only | ||||
| 0 | 0.28 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.49 |
| 1 | 0.41 | 0.66 | 0.44 | 0.70 |
| 2 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 0.68 | 1.03 |
| 3 | 0.85 | 1.19 | 1.08 | 1.50 |
| 4 | 1.20 | 1.63 | 1.63 | 2.17 |
| 5 | 1.74 | 2.21 | 2.49 | 3.14 |
| 6 | 2.41 | 2.91 | 3.81 | 4.59 |
| 7 | 3.47 | 4.20 | 7.47 | 6.80 |
| 8 | 4.15 | 8.06 | 8.82 | 10.1 |