Table 2.
Known-, candidate-neurotoxicants, and reference compounds used in this study.
| Compound | Abbrevi ation |
C.A.S. number |
Category - sensitive cells |
In vitro neural selectivity* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aflatoxin B1 | AFLA | 1162-65-8 | Known, neuro-protoxicant in animals (Ikegwuonu, 1983) |
|
| 6-hydroxydopamine | 6HD | 28094-15-7 | Known, dopaminergic neurons (Ossola et al., 2008) |
|
| MPTP | MPTP | 23007-85-4 | Known, protoxicant dopaminergic neurons (Schildknecht et al., 2009) |
|
| MPP+ | MPP | 911295-24-4 | Known, dopaminergic neurons (Schildknecht et al., 2009) |
|
| Rotenone | ROTE | 83-79-4 | Known, Mitochondrial toxicant (Caudle et al., 2012) |
|
| Paraquat | PQ | 11089-65-9 | Known, Mitochondrial toxicant (Caudle et al., 2012) |
|
| Vincristine sulfate | VIN | 2068-78-2 | Known, Microtubule disruptor (Courtemanche et al., 2015) |
|
| Cytosine arabinoside | ARAC | 147-94-4 | Known, Peripheral neuropathy via oxidative stress (Geller et al., 2001) |
|
| Trimethyltin chloride | TMT | 1066-45-1 | Known- Neuronal necrosis and degeneration (Winship, 1988) (Gunasekar et al., 2001) |
|
| Methyl mercury (II) | MHG | 115-09-3 | Known (Huang et al., 2014) | |
| Doxorubicin | DOX | 25316-40-9 | Known (Mohamed et al., 2011) | HEK293, SH-SY5Y, SK-N- SH (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Daunorubicin | DAUN | 23541-50-6 | Known (Joshi et al., 1996) | HEK293, SH-SY5Y, SK-N- SH, N2a (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Chlorambucil | CLM | 305-03-3 | Known (Verschoyle et al., 1994) | SH-SY5Y, (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Colchicine | CLCH | 64-86-8 | Known (Goldschmidt and Steward 1989; Mundy and Tilson 1990; | HEK293, SH-SY5Y, SK-N- SH, N2a (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Ziram | ZIR | 137-30-4 | Known (Wang et al., 2011) | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Genistein | GEN | 446-72-0 | Candidate | Apoptotic in SHSY5Y (Karmakar et al., 2009) |
| Quercetin | QRC | 117-39-5 | Candidate | Toxic or protective in SH- SY5Y (Ossola et al., 2008) |
| DL-Sulforaphane | SFR | 4478-93-7 | Candidate | Apoptotic in SH-SY5Y (Hsu et al., 2013) |
| Adrenosterone | ADR | 382-45-6 | Candidate | N2a (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Dithiocyanatomethan | DTCM | 6317-18-6 | Candidate | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Nelfinavir | NLF | 159989-65-8 | Candidate | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin- 3-one |
OTZ | 26530-20-1 | Candidate | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Hexachlorophene | HCP | 70-30-4 | Candidate | (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| 2-Methyl-1- nitroanthraquinone |
MNA | 129-15-7 | Candidate | HEK293 (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Malachite green oxalate |
MALG | 2437-29-8 | Candidate | N2a (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Sodium dichromate | CR2 | 7789-12-0 | Candidate | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Captan | CAP | 133-06-2 | Candidate | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| 4- (Methylamino)phenol hemisulfate salt |
MAP | 55-55-0 | Candidate | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| Resorcinol diglycidyl ether |
RSR | 101-90-6 | Candidate | SH-SY5Y (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
| 3-methyladenine | 3MA | 5142-23-4 | Reference, Autophagy inhibitor (Roux et al., 2014) |
|
| Tunicamycin | TUNC | 11089-65-9 | Reference, Causes ER-stress (Kosuge et al., 2008) |
|
| Digoxin | DGX | 20830-75-5 | Reference, Non-selective toxicant (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008) |
*
In vitro neural selectivity is reported from (Huang et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008), for any of the neural-derived cell lines: HEK293, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH, or N2a, that was 10-fold more sensitive (10-fold lower IC50) to the toxicant than the median of the other 9 cell lines in the study.