Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in type 2 diabetes patients who developed CVD events compared with those who did not
| Characteristic | Total | CVD (-) | CVD (+) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 833 | 631 | 202 | |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 16.7 (8.3-35.1) | 15.2 (7.8-31.6) | 25.6 (5.9-35.3) | < 0.001 |
| Female sex | 503 (60.4) | 365 (57.8) | 138 (68.3) | 0.008 |
| Age, yr | 55.2 ± 9.9 | 53.8 ± 9.8 | 59.7 ± 8.8 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes duration, yr | 7.8 ± 6.3 | 7.1 ± 6.0 | 10.3 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 384 (46.1) | 264 (41.8) | 120 (59.4) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 25.1 ± 3.5 | 0.064 |
| Smoking | 191 (22.9) | 144 (22.8) | 47 (23.3) | 0.895 |
| Insulin | 211 (25.3) | 129 (20.4) | 82 (40.6) | < 0.001 |
| ACEi/ARBs | 248 (29.8) | 174 (27.6) | 74 (36.6) | 0.014 |
| Statin | 97 (11.6) | 71 (11.3) | 26 (12.9) | 0.532 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 58 (7.0) | 32 (5.1) | 26 (12.9) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 182 (21.8) | 127 (20.1) | 55 (27.2) | 0.034 |
| Laboratory finding at baseline | ||||
| FPG, mg/dL | 176.3 ± 64.9 | 174-3 ± 63.4 | 182.7 ± 69.2 | 0.109 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 93.2 ± 16.7 | 94.8 ± 16.1 | 88.2 ± 17.3 | < 0.001 |
| Baseline HbA1c, % | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 2.0 | 9.2 ± 2.1 | 0.016 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.6 ± 36.7 | 181.5 ± 36.1 | 189.8 ± 38.0 | 0.005 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 160.4 ± 104.7 | 159.2 ± 106.0 | 164.3 ± 100.8 | 0.547 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 43.3 ± 10.5 | 43.3 ± 10.1 | 43.3 ± 11.9 | 0.989 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 108.2 ± 32.7 | 106.6 ± 32.3 | 113.2 ± 33.7 | 0.013 |
| Lp(a) corrected TC | 172.1 ± 37.5 | 170.9 ± 37.1 | 175.6 ± 38.8 | 0.128 |
| Lp(a) corrected LDL-C | 96.7 ± 32.6 | 95.8 ± 32.1 | 99.4 ± 34.1 | 0.171 |
| UAE, mg/day | 10.0 (5.6-28.0) | 10.0 (5.4-25.1) | 10.0 (5.9-35.3) | 0.361 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range), number (%), or mean ± SD.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; UAE, urinary albumin excretion.