Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics by lipoprotein(a) level at baseline examination
| Characteristic | Lp(a) |
p for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Quartile | 2nd Quartile | 3rd Quartile | 4th Quartile | ||
| Number | 207 | 209 | 209 | 208 | |
| Lp(a) mg/dL | 5.4 (3.5-7.1) | 12.1 (10.3-14.7) | 24.0 (20.5-29.3) | 55.7 (43.1-75.3) | < 0.001 |
| Female sex | 100 (48.3) | 124 (59.3) | 139 (66.5) | 140 (67.3) | < 0.001 |
| Age, yr | 53.5 ± 9.6 | 56.0 ± 9.8 | 55.8 ± 10.1 | 55.7 ± 10.1 | 0.038 |
| Diabetes duration, yr | 6.5 ± 5.2 | 8.0 ± 6.4 | 8.4 ± 6.8 | 8.4 ± 6.8 | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 89 (43.0) | 102 (48.8) | 99 (47.4) | 94 (45.2) | 0.741 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 247 ± 3.4 | 24.7 ± 3.3 | 24.7 ± 3.3 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | 0.794 |
| Smoking | 60 (29.0) | 43 (20.6) | 41 (19.6) | 47 (22.6) | 0.124 |
| Insulin | 47 (22.7) | 47 (22.5) | 57 (27.3) | 60 (28.8) | 0.085 |
| ACEi/ARBs | 58 (28.0) | 58 (27.8) | 62 (29.7) | 70 (33.7) | 0.185 |
| Statin | 20 (9.7) | 27 (12.9) | 16 (7.7) | 34 (16.3) | 0.138 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 14 (6.8) | 15 (7.2) | 12 (5.7) | 17 (8.2) | 0.724 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 50 (24.2) | 50 (23.9) | 35 (16.7) | 47 (22.6) | 0.355 |
| Laboratory finding at baseline | |||||
| FPG, mg/dL | 174.3 ± 66.5 | 167.6 ± 59.0 | 175-7 ± 61.4 | 187.7 ± 71.0 | 0.016 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 96.1 ± 15.7 | 92.2 ± 15.8 | 92.4 ± 17.0 | 92.1 ± 17.8 | 0.020 |
| Baseline HbA1c, % | 8.5 ± 1.9 | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 8.8 ± 2.0 | 9.5 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 178.2 ± 36.3 | 185.3 ± 35.8 | 180.7 ± 35.2 | 190.0 ± 38.6 | 0.007 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 171.2 ± 119.4 | 162.4 ± 101.8 | 157.7 ± 110.4 | 157.7 ± 110.4 | 0.039 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 43.6 ± 10.7 | 43.2 ± 9.7 | 43.2 ± 10.6 | 43.3 ± 11.2 | 0.720 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 99.9 ± 31.4 | 109.6 ± 31.3 | 106.6 ± 31.4 | 116.7 ± 34.9 | < 0.001 |
| Lp(a) corrected TC | 175.5 ± 36.4 | 179.8 ± 35.8 | 170.7 ± 37.2 | 162.3 ± 38.7 | < 0.001 |
| Lp(a) corrected LDL-C | 97.7 ± 31.8 | 104.1 ± 31.3 | 96.0 ± 31.4 | 89.0 ± 34.2 | 0.001 |
| UAE, mg/day | 10.0 (5.2-30.0) | 10.1 (6.2-30.0) | 10.0 (5.0-21.8) | 10.9 (5.9-29.1) | 0.004 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range), number (%), or mean ± SD.
Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; UAE, urinary albumin excretion.