Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics (Mean (se) or %) for Participants in MESA by Metabolic Syndrome Status at Completed Follow-Up
| Characteristic at Visit 1 | Metabolic Syndrome Status at Visit 5 |
All (n = 6814) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 2877) | Intermittenta (n = 2127) | Consistentb (n = 1810) | ||
| Age (y) | 61.5 (0.20) | 61.5 (0.23) | 63.6 (0.22) | 62.2 (0.12) |
| Sex (% female) | 53.4 (0.93) | 49.4 (1.18) | 55.0 (1.08) | 52.8 (0.60) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White (%) | 44.7 (0.93) | 38.1 (1.14) | 30.4 (1.00) | 38.5 (0.59) |
| Asian (%) | 10.9 (0.58) | 14.0 (0.82) | 11.1 (0.68) | 11.8 (0.39) |
| African American (%) | 27.9 (0.84) | 25.2 (1.02) | 29.8 (1.00) | 27.8 (0.54) |
| Hispanic (%) | 16.5 (0.69) | 22.8 (0.99) | 28.7 (0.98) | 22.0 (0.50) |
| Gross gamily income (% ≥$35 000) | 62.5 (0.92) | 55.2 (1.19) | 45.9 (1.11) | 55.4 (0.61) |
| Education (% completed high school) | 87.3 (0.62) | 82.5 (0.89) | 74.3 (0.95) | 82.0 (0.47) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 (0.09) | 28.8 (0.12) | 30.4 (0.12) | 28.3 (0.07) |
| Obesity level | ||||
| Not obese | 79.7 (0.75) | 64.7 (1.12) | 54.3 (1.08) | 67.8 (0.57) |
| I | 14.2 (0.65) | 23.8 (1.00) | 27.8 (0.97) | 21.0 (0.49) |
| II | 4.31 (0.38) | 7.90 (0.63) | 11.7 (0.70) | 7.56 (0.32) |
| III | 1.84 (0.25) | 3.59 (0.44) | 6.25 (0.53) | 3.68 (0.23) |
| High triglycerides (%) | 6.60 (0.46) | 44.0 (1.17) | 48.1 (1.08) | 29.5 (0.55) |
| Low HDL (%) | 10.7 (0.58) | 51.0 (1.18) | 59.0 (1.07) | 36.5 (0.58) |
| High BP (%) | 25.5 (0.81) | 51.4 (1.18) | 65.4 (1.03) | 44.9 (0.60) |
| High fasting glucose (%) | 1.77 (0.25) | 14.5 (0.83) | 40.2 (1.06) | 17.1 (0.46) |
Metabolic syndrome is defined as 2 or more of the following: Triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dl; HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women; systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg or use of BP medications; rasting glucose ≥110 mg/dl or diagnoses of diabetes. Bold indicates where intermittent or consistent metabolic syndrome estimates differ statistically from the “none” category at the P < .05 level.
Intermittent metabolic syndrome is defined by participants with measured metabolic syndrome who did not meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome at a subsequent visit.
Consistent metabolic syndrome is defined by participants with metabolic syndrome at every attended visit after the first measurement of metabolic syndrome.