Figure 1. Loss of mast cell–Nedd4-2 enhances IgE-induced mediator release.

WT and Nedd4-2^−/− FLMCs were sensitized with IgE anti-DNP antibody (clone SPE-7, 2 μg ml⁻¹) for 16 h, then stimulated with indicated concentrations of DNP–HSA for measurement of release of (a) histamine (30 min), (b) IL-6, (c) TNF, (d) CCL2, (e) CCL3 and (f) IL-13 (b–f all 6 h). Data (mean±s.e.m.) are pooled from the three (a,d,e) or six (b,c,f) independent experiments performed, each of which gave similar results. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 for indicated comparisons (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post test).