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. 2016 Oct 27;7:13226. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13226

Figure 10. mTORC2 regulates asymmetric cell division in embryogenesis.

Figure 10

(a) BrdU (red) and β4-integrin (green) double-immunostaing and quantification of basal and suprabasal BrdU+ cells in embryonic back skin (n=6–7 embryos/genotype for one time point). Arrowheads indicate suprabasal BrdU+ cells. (b) Survivin-immunostaining (red, DAPI stain blue) to determine basal cell division origination at E16.5 and radial histogram quantification of division angles of basal cells; cell divisions (control: n=99; RicEKO: n=87) were quantified in four embryos per genotype. (c) Par3 immunostaining of RicEKO and control embryonic back skin. (d) Immunostaining of LGN in the basal cells of control and RicEKO epidermis; middle, quantification of basal cells with apical cortical localization of LGN (n=5 embryos/per genotype with n=211 and n =159 cells analysed from control and RicEKO embryos, respectively); left, dot and box-whisker graph shows LGN crescent orientation in basal cells of E16.5 epidermis. Scale bar, (a) 25 μm, (c,d) 10 μm. (e) Hypothetical model illustrating unique functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in skin morphogenesis and epidermal stratification. Dashed lines indicate basal membrane. e, epidermis; d, dermis; HF, hair follicle; IFE, interfollicular epidermis. Data represents mean±s.d.; non-paired t-test was used to calculate P value. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.