Figure 1.
High ROSutero has a long-lasting negative influence on body development of female Svalbard reindeer. Differences (±s.e.) in body mass (BM in kilogram) and skeletal size (SS in millimetres indexed via measurement of hind foot length) between calves (1 year, n = 445) and adults (4–9 years, n = 849) that experienced low ROSutero and those that experienced high ROSutero. All differences are statically significant (p < 0.001). We used linear models to estimate values for calves with ROS in the current year as covariate in the body mass model. We used linear-mixed models to estimate values for adults with year and female identity as random factors. We also included ROScurrent and Julian date of capture as covariates in the model of adult body mass.