Table 1.

Physical aggression received by painted chameleons is greater when colour signals are dishonest. Physical aggression received by painted chameleons depends on the interaction between their external, experimentally manipulated colour and whether they were aggressive during the trial. Parameters calculated using GLMM with painted chameleon identity included as random effect and Poisson distribution. Estimate, slope estimate; s.e., standard error. Italicized values indicate significant effects.

model	fixed effect	estimate	s.e.	z	p
physical aggression received
	intercept	0.72	0.45	1.58	0.114
	treatment (painted bright/dark)	1.29	0.38	3.42	<0.001
	aggressive (yes/no)	0.23	0.76	−0.31	0.760
	treatment × aggression	−2.18	0.51	−4.31	<0.0001