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. 2016 Nov 4;7:465. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00465

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Copyright © 2016 Stephen-Victor, Sharma, Das, Karnam, Saha, Lecerf, Galeotti, Kaveri and Bayry.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Different antigen fractions of M. tuberculosis have similar capacity to amplify human monocyte-mediated Th17 response. Monocytes were cocultured with autologous CD4⁺ T cells either alone or were stimulated with M. tuberculosis-derived cell wall (CW), cell membrane (CM), or cytoplasmic (Cyt) fractions for 5 days. Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry by combination of surface staining for CD4 and intracellular staining for IL-17A. IL-17A in the cell-free supernatants was quantified by ELISA. (A,B) Representative dot plots showing the frequencies of CD4⁺IL-17A⁺ T cells and (B) mean ± SEM data from six independent donors. (C) The amount of secretion of IL-17A (mean ± SEM, n = 6). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; as determined by one-way ANOVA.