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. 2016 Nov 4;7:465. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00465

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Copyright © 2016 Stephen-Victor, Sharma, Das, Karnam, Saha, Lecerf, Galeotti, Kaveri and Bayry.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differential expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on monocytes and dendritic cells upon stimulation with M. tuberculosis and its antigen fractions. Monocytes or monocyte-derived DCs were either cultured alone or stimulated with γ-irradiated M. tuberculosis or M. tuberculosis-derived cell wall (CW), cell membrane (CM), or cytoplasmic (Cyt) fractions for 24 h. Surface expressions of PD-L1 (A,B) and PD-L2 (C,D) were analyzed by flow cytometry. (A,C) Percentage of monocytes expressing PD-L1 and PD-L2 (mean ± SEM, n = 5). (B,D) Percentage of DCs expressing PD-L1 and PD-L2 (mean ± SEM, n = 5). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant; as determined by one-way ANOVA.