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. 2016 Nov 4;7:465. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00465

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Copyright © 2016 Stephen-Victor, Sharma, Das, Karnam, Saha, Lecerf, Galeotti, Kaveri and Bayry.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Production of Th17 priming cytokines by human innate cells upon stimulation with M. tuberculosis or its antigen fractions. Monocytes or DCs were cocultured with autologous CD4⁺ T cells either alone or stimulated with γ-irradiated M. tuberculosis or M. tuberculosis-derived cell wall (CW), cell membrane (CM), or cytoplasmic (Cyt) fractions for 5 days. Cell-free supernatants were analyzed for the secretion of innate cytokines by ELISA. (A–C) IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23 production by monocytes (mean ± SEM, n = 5) and (D–F) IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23 production by DCs (mean ± SEM, n = 6). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant; as determined by one-way ANOVA.