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. 2016 Nov 4;7:465. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00465

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Copyright © 2016 Stephen-Victor, Sharma, Das, Karnam, Saha, Lecerf, Galeotti, Kaveri and Bayry.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IL-1β is critical for mediating Th17 response to M. tuberculosis. DCs were cocultured with autologous CD4⁺ T cells either alone or stimulated with γ-irradiated M. tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis-derived cytoplasmic (Cyt) fraction, or Cyt fraction in combination with exogenous IL-1β (A,B) or IL-23 (C,D) for 5 days. Frequencies of CD4⁺IL-17A⁺ T cells (mean ± SEM, n = 4–6) (A,C) and amounts of IL-17A production (mean ± SEM, n = 4–6) (B,D) in DC–CD4⁺ T cell cocultures. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ns, not significant; as determined by one-way ANOVA.