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. 2016 Nov 4;6:36468. doi: 10.1038/srep36468

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Sperm motility analysis in wild-type and Slc22a14^−/− mice. Videos of sperm were captured and the motility of each sperm was categorised. More than 200 sperm were counted in each experiment. Data are presented as average ± SE (n = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences between wild-type and homozygous mutants (p < 0.01). The p-values were calculated using the unpaired t-test from the mean values of data using Microsoft Excel. (b) Morphology of wild-type and Slc22a14^−/− spermatozoa. Two types of abnormal flagellar angulation (hairpin-type [arrow] and V-shape type [arrowhead]) were observed in Slc22a14^−/− spermatozoa. Bar, 20 μm. (c) Percentage of cauda epididymal sperm with abnormal tails. More than 100 spermatozoa were counted in each experiment. Data are presented as average ± SE (n = 3). (d) Analysis of sperm morphology in situ. Spermatozoa were released from fixed testis or epididymis and the number of sperm with abnormal tails were counted under microscopy. Data are presented as average ± SE (n = 3).