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. 2016 Oct 11;5(10):e373. doi: 10.1038/mtna.2016.64

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Copyright © 2016 Official journal of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Impact of miR-140 overexpression on proteins involved in the NFKB signaling pathway. NFKB activators (upper right corner) and target genes (in the nucleus) of NFKB were downregulated by miR-140, while two inhibitors were upregulated (upper left corner). IL1B binds to IL1R1. This activates IRAK kinases and the IKK complex which phosphorylates the NFKB inhibitor IKB. Phosphorylated IKB is then ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome. This releases NFKB. NFKB1 or -2 heterodimerizes with REL, RELA or RELB, translocates into the nucleus and turns on transcription of NFKB target genes. IL1B, interleukin 1β.