Table 3.
Characteristics of re‐initiation episodes: distribution, gaps, morbidity and feeding profiles
| BGD | BRF | INV | NEB | PEL | PKN | SAV | TZH | All sites | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution of EBF episodes in 180 days* | 117 (82,149) | 91 (54,122) | 102 (66,137) | 92 (59,128) | 97 (55,141) | 55 (28,100) | 47 (30,66) | 66 (38,101) | 89 (49,128) |
| Duration of gaps between EBF episode* | |||||||||
| First gap | 4 (3,7) | 2 (2,8) | 7 (4,11) | 7 (4,21) | 8 (4,25) | 14 (4,60) | 7 (3,15) | 7 (4,14) | 7 (3,15) |
| Second gap | 7 (3,14) | 2 (2,7) | 7 (4,10) | 7 (3,16) | 8 (4,21) | 6 (4,21) | 8 (4,15) | 6 (4,14) | 7 (3,14) |
| Third gap | 7 (4,11) | 2 (2,4) | 7 (4,18) | 7 (4,13) | 10 (4,18) | 6 (3,12) | 7 (3,14) | 7 (4,14) | 7 (4,15) |
| Fourth gap | 5 (4,16) | 4 (2,7) | 7 (4,16) | 4 (3,11) | 7 (4,14) | 3 (2,8) | 6 (2,11) | 5 (4,14) | 7 (3,14) |
| EBF episodes preceded by diarrhea (%) (n = 314) | 16.0 | 0.5 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 11.3 | 28.8 | 1.6 | 5.2 | 10.4 |
| EBF gain in days (P value) | 0.8287 | a | 0.9058 | 0.9779 | 0.6605 | 0.9513 | a | 0.1766 | 0.9939 |
| When preceded by diarrhea* | 14 (4,35) | b | 4 (4,10) | 7 (4,21) | 7 (3,14) | 4 (3, 10) | 4 (4, 6) | 4 (3, 7) | 7 (3,15) |
| When not preceded by diarrhea* | 10 (4,28) | 21 (4,29) | 7 (4,14) | 7 (4,20) | 7 (3,14) | 4 (3,10) | 4 (3,8) | 6 (3,14) | 7 (3,18) |
| Type of non‐EBF prior to re‐initiation of EBF (%) | |||||||||
| Predominant BF | 57.7 | 49.3 | 40.9 | 43.0 | 74.2 | 66.7 | 81.6 | 27.1 | 56.2 |
| Partial BF without solids | 42.0 | 46.7 | 58.0 | 55.7 | 25.3 | 20.1 | 16.3 | 72.2 | 42.0 |
| Partial BF with solids | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| No BF | 0.0 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 13.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 |
| EBF gain | |||||||||
| (P value) | 0.0000 | 0.5562 | 0.0000 | 0.0834 | 0.3214 | 0.0306 | 0.7766 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| When preceded by predominant BF* | 17 (7,43) | 18 (3,30) | 10 (4,27) | 10 (4,21) | 7 (4,14) | 5 (3,13) | 4 (3,8) | 14 (6,25) | 7(4,21) |
| When preceded by Partial BF without solids* | 5 (3,14) | 24 (7,30) | 6 (3,11) | 7 (3,14) | 4 (3,14) | 4 (3,7) | 6 (3,8) | 4 (3,8) | 6 (3.14) |
*
Distribution, gaps and gain in EBF are reported in median days (IQR).
MAL‐ED study sites are referred to by abbreviations for their location: Dhaka, Bangladesh (BGD); Fortaleza, Brazil (BRF); Vellore, India (INV); Bhaktapur, Nepal (NEB); Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan (PKN); Loreto, Peru (PEL); Venda, South Africa (SAV); Haydom, Tanzania (TZH).
a
T‐test not performed when observations were less than five (n < 5).
b
Only one observation.