Figure 8.
Photothermal catalysis by nanostructured Pd@Nb2O5 (reduced) sample. a) Without exposure to air, the production rates of CO over Pd@Nb2O5 kept monotonically increasing from the first run to the fourth run. When the sample was exposed to air for 24 h, the production rate of the fifth run dropped to that of the first. b) Diffuse reflectance spectra and appearance of (i) pristine Pd@Nb2O5 and (ii) reduced Pd@Nb2O5 nanostructured films. c) Schematic illustration of in situ generation of reduced surface niobium sites and/or oxygen vacancies during photothermal reaction.