Figure 5. Pretreatment of human macrophages with TAK‐242, an inhibitor of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling, inhibits human OPN‐a‐mediated IL‐6 production .

Primary human macrophages were treated with TAK‐242 (100 nm) or vehicle (DMSO) for 1 h before stimulation with 1 μg ml⁻¹ OPN‐a‐RGD and OPN‐a‐KAE or 10 ng ml⁻¹ lipopolysaccharide (LPS; positive control). Interleukin‐6 concentrations in the secreted media were measured at 24 h by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The pro‐inflammatory activity of OPN‐a was largely blocked by TAK‐242. TAK‐242 had little effect on OPN‐a‐KAE activity. Samples were run in replicates of n = 4.