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. 2016 Aug 19;105(10):1140–1151. doi: 10.1111/apa.13531

Figure 1.

Figure 1

NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Under healthy conditions, NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is auto‐repressed through interaction between the NACHT domain and the leucine‐rich repeat domain (LRR). Cellular activation by PAMPs and DAMPs removes this auto‐repression. As a result, NLRP3 unfolds itself and the NACHT domain is exposed. This leads to oligomerisation of NLRP3 that recruits apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and pro‐caspase 1, inducing activation of caspase 1, which in turn activates IL‐1 and IL‐18. Tschopp & Schroder K. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:210–5. With permission (3802450071000). PAMPs, pathogen‐associated molecular patterns; DAMPs, damage‐associated molecular patterns; LRRs, leucine‐rich repeats; NACHT, NAIP (neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein), CIITA (MHC class II transcription activator), HET‐E (incompatibility locus protein from Podosporina anserina) and TP1 (telomerase‐associated protein); ASC, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD; PYD, pyrin domain; CARD, caspase‐recruitment domain.