TABLE 2.

Research on Factors Related to Pediatric Antiretroviral Adherence (Based on Quantitative Research With Tests of Statistical Significance)

Significantly Associated With Adherence	Nonsignificantly Associated With Adherence
Medication related
Twice-per-day (vs 3-times-per- day) nelfinavir regimen; shorter length of time since treatment initiation; nelfinavir rather than indinavir	Pill burden; drug toxicity
Patient related
Nonwhite (vs white) race; both younger and older age of child; children’s unawareness of their HIV diagnosis; beliefs regarding the positive impact of the medications on quality of life; lower intensity of alcohol use; housing stability; less depressive symptomatology; less child stress; decreased child responsibility for medications; improved health status/virologic or immunologic factors	Gender; age; race; child’s knowledge of HIV status; structural social support; satisfaction with social support; health status (virologic or immunologic factors
Caregiver/family related
Foster (vs biological) parent; higher self-efficacy; belief in the efficacy of the medication; less concern about hiding child’s diagnosis; better parent-child communication; less caregiver stress; higher quality of life; better caregiver cognitive functioning; better caregiver knowledge of antiretroviral medications; fewer barriers	Parental perceived vulnerability; perceived barriers