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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 4.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet HIV. 2014 Nov 24;1(3):e104–e111. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(14)00003-4

Table 1.

Characteristics and outcomes of included trials reporting on adherence interventions for HIV-positive patients on ART

Trial Trial
location		 Trial
duration		 Measures of adherence Comparisons Age %
Women		 N patients N adherent
Chang, 2010 Uganda 192 weeks ≥ 95% adherence;
100% adherence;
no missed dose (self-
report)		 eSOC 34.0 (17–70)a 66% 366 322/253/265
eSOC + treatment supporter 35.5 (15–76) 970 862/651/716
Chung, 2011 Kenya 78 weeks ≥ 95% adherence SOC 35 (30–40)a 71% 100 51
eSOC 36 (31–44) 59% 100 52
Alarm 36 (32–41) 68% 100 47
eSOC + alarm 38 (32–44) 66% 100 58
Gross, 2014 Brazil,
Botswana,
Haiti, Peru,
South Africa,
Uganda,
Zambia,
Zimbabwe		 48 weeks % doses taken (not used
in adherence analysis)		 SOC 37 (33–45)e 51% 128 NR
SOC + treatment supporter 38 (34–44) 48% 129 NR
Kunutsor, 2011 Uganda 28 weeks ≥ 95% adherence eSOC 39.2 (8.4)b 66% 87 71
eSOC + treatment supporter 39.1 (8.3) 71% 87 80
Lester, 2010 Kenya 26–52
weeks		 ≥ 95% adherence SOC 36.7 (19–65)c 66% 265 132
Weekly SMS 36.6 (22–84) 65% 273 168
Maduka, 2012 Nigeria 17 weeks ≥ 95% adherence SOC 35.3 (9.0)b 56% 52 29
eSOC + weekly SMS 36.6 (11.8) 44% 52 40
Mbuagbaw,
2012 		Cameroon 26 weeks ≥ 95% adherence, no
missed dose (self-report)		 eSOC 39.0 (10.0)b 79% 99 66/78
eSOC + weekly SMS 41.3 (10.1) 68% 101 72/80
Mugusi, 2009 Tanzania 52 weeks No missed dose (self-report) eSOC 39.9 (8.8)b 69% 312 294
eSOC + calendar 39.5 (8.7) 61% 242 229
eSOC + treatment supporter 37.8 (14.6) 58% 67 64
Nachega, 2010 South Africa 104 weeks ≥ 95% adherence SOC 35.7 (9.7)b 58% 137 120
eSOC + treatment supporter 36.7 (9.2) 58% 137 126
Peltzer, 2012 South Africa 17 weeks No missed dose (self-
report)		 SOC 37.1 (9.8)b 61% 76 65
eSOC 36.6 (9.4) 70% 76 71
Pearson, 2007 Mozambique 52 weeks 100% adherence eSOC 35.6d 53% 175 143
eSOC + treatment supporter 36.1 54% 175 151
Pop-Eleches,
2011 		Kenya 48 weeks ≥ 90% adherence SOC 35.6 66% 139 55
Daily SMS 35.7 68% 142 59
Weekly SMS 37.3 64% 147 78
Sarna, 2008 Kenya 72 weeks ≥ 95% adherence eSOC 37 (7.8)b 64% 118 85
eSOC + treatment supporter 37.3 (8.0) 64% 116 75
Taiwo, 2010 Nigeria 24 weeks* ≥ 95% adherence SOC 34.2 (8.9) 63% 251 181
eSOC + treatment supporter 66% 248 220
*

The duration of this trial was 48 weeks. Results at 24 weeks were used because after 24 weeks the SOC arm was switched to eSOC.

a

Median (range);

b

Mean(standard deviation);

c

Mean(range);

d

Mean;

e

Median(interquartile range);

SOC: standard of care; eSOC: enhanced standard of care.