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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Jun 22;55(41):12596–12624. doi: 10.1002/anie.201600547

Figure 3.

Figure 3

(A) Selected chiral imidazolidinone catalysts. (B) Lowest energy conformations of the iminium ion intermediate formed from 39a and crotonaldehyde. Relative energies (kcal/mol) predicted by DFT calculation (B3LYP/6-31g(d)) are shown in parenthesis. Red dotted lines indicate cation–π interactions.