Table 3.
Post-Displacement Trauma (U.S. Trauma Questionnaire) Over Time (N = 286)
| Baseline | 1st Follow-up | 2nd Follow-up | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Oppressed because of ethnicity, sect, etc. | 0 (0) | 2 (.70) | 5 (1.7) |
| Present while property searched | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Searched arbitrarily | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (.30) |
| Property looted, confiscated, etc. | 0 (0) | 2 (.70) | 13 (4.5) |
| Forced to settle with minimal services | 0 (0) | 1 (.30) | 0 (0) |
| Imprisoned arbitrarily | 0 (0) | 1 (.30) | 0 (0) |
| Suffered ill health without medical care | 0 (0) | 1 (.30) | 54 (18.9) |
| Suffered from lack of food and water | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Forced to flee country | 0 (0) | ||
| Expelled from country | 0 (0) | ||
| Lacked shelter | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Witnessed desecration of religious shrines | 0 (0) | ||
| Witnessed arrest of religious leaders | 0 (0) | ||
| Witnessed execution of civilians | 0 (0) | ||
| Witnessed shelling, burning, etc. | 0 (0) | ||
| Witnessed or heard combat situation | 0 (0) | ||
| Serious injury from combat or landmine | 0 (0) | ||
| Witnessed rotting corpses | 1 (.30) | ||
| Confined to home because of violence | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Witnessed someone being harmed | 0 (0) | 1 (.30) | 0 (0) |
| Witnessed sexual abuse or rape | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Witnessed torture | 0 (0) | ||
| Witnessed murder | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Forced to inform on someone | 0 (0) | ||
| Forced to destroy someone's property | 0 (0) | ||
| Forced to physically harm someone | 0 (0) | ||
| Murder or violent death of family member | 1 (.30) | 1 (.30) | 1 (.30) |
| Forced to pay for bullets | 0 (0) | ||
| Received body of family member | 0 (0) | ||
| Disappearance of family member | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Kidnapping of family member | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Family member taken as hostage | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Someone informed on you | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Physically harmed | 0 (0) | 1 (.30) | 0 (0) |
| Kidnapped | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Taken as hostage | 0 (0) | ||
| Heard about frightening or dangerous events | 1 (.30) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Sexually abused or raped | 0 (0) | ||
| Coerced to have sex for survival | 0 (0) | ||
| Seen person in U.S. who was violent | 0 (0) | 2 (.70) | |
| Family with mental health problems | 24 (8.4) | 52 (18.2) | |
| Family with health problems | 104 (36.4) | 134 (46.9) | |
| Family with legal troubles | 2 (.70) | 4 (1.4) | |
| Evicted or foreclosed on | 1 (.30) | 4 (1.4) | |
| Utilities turned off | 2 (.70) | 6 (2.1) | |
| Stress related to financial situation | 232 (81.1) | 211 (73.8) | |
| Worry about being deported | 9 (3.1) | 4 (1.40) | |
| Harassed by police | 4 (1.4) | 3 (1.0) | |
| Car accident | 14 (4.9) | 35 (12.2) | |
| Been imprisoned | 0 (0) | 2 (.70) | |
| Been arrested | 1 (.30) | 2 (.70) | |
| Coerced to do an illegal action for money | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Approached to do an illegal action for money | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Sexually harassed | 1 (.30) | 0 (0) | |
| Serious personal injury from assault | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Injured in another type of accident | 19 (6.6) | ||
| Core family unable to move to U. S. | 135 (47.2) | ||