Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiographic findings of children admitted to Children’s Hospital Colorado ICU with EV-D68 from August to November, 2014 compared with H1N1 Influenza May 2009 to January 2010 (N = 165)
| EV-D68 N = 97 | H1N1 influenza N = 68 | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Male sex, n (%) | 63 (65) | 44 (65) | 0.97 |
| Age, years; median, (IQR) | 7 (4, 12) | 8 (4, 13) | 0.66b |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Asthma, n (%) | 62 (64) | 13 (19) | <.0001 |
| Anyc excluding asthma, n (%) | 15 (15) | 51 (65) | <.0001 |
| Symptoms | |||
| Number of days of symptoms prior to admission, days; median (IQR) | 1 (1, 2) | 2.5 (1, 5) | 0.007d |
| Fever, n (%) | 35 (36) | 54 (79) | <.0001 |
| Nausea, n (%) | 3 (3) | 13 (19) | 0.0006 |
| Abdominal Pain, n (%) | 2 (2) | 7 (10) | 0.03b |
| Shortness of breath or increased work of breathing, n (%) | 87 (90) | 41 (60) | <.0001 |
| Cough, n (%) | 86 (89) | 50 (74) | 0.01 |
| Sore throat, n (%) | 20 (21) | 7 (10) | 0.08 |
| Seizures, n (%) | 5 (5) | 11 (16) | 0.02 |
| Mental Status changes, n (%) | 3(3) | 13 (19) | 0.0006 |
| Signs | |||
| Respiratory distress, n (%) | 92 (95) | 49 (72) | <.0001 |
| Wheezing, n (%) | 75 (77) | 17 (25) | <.0001 |
| Hypoxia, n (%) | 91 (94) | 52 (76) | 0.0013 |
| Tachypnea, n (%) | 72 (74) | 40 (59) | 0.04 |
| Diminished breath sounds, n (%) | 75 (77) | 30 (44) | <.0001 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| White cell count > 10 × 103 cells/μL, n (%) (n=109) | 35 (74) | 19 (31) | <.0001 |
| Platelets ≤ 100 × 103 cells/μL, n (%) (n=108) | 1 (2) | 9 (15) | 0.04b |
| C-Reactive Protein ≥ 4 mg/dL, n (%) (n=42) | 2 (22) | 16 (48) | 0.26b |
| Another virus on respiratory PCR | 13 (13) | 11 (16) | 0.84 |
| Blood culture positivee | 9 (9) | 17 (25) | 0.01 |
| Bacterial culture positive (excluding blood culture) | 1 (1) | 5 (7) | 0.08 |
| Radiographic findings, n (%) | |||
| Abnormal CXR, n (%) | 72 (92) | 58 (89) | 0.52 |
| Airways disease, n (%) | 50 (69) | 15 (26) | <.0001 |
| Findings consistent with pneumoniaf, n (%) (n=130) | 28 (39) | 39 (67) | 0.0013 |
Chi Square unless otherwise specified
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
any comorbidity includes: underlying chronic pulmonary conditions, hemodynamically significant cardiac disease, immunosuppressive disorders or therapy, chronic renal or hepatic dysfunction, metabolic, rheumatologic or hematologic disease, neurological disorders compromising respiratory function, children with global developmental delay and children on long-term aspirin therapy.
Fisher’s Exact test
Excluding organisms commonly associated with contamination
Findings consistent with pneumonia were defined as: consolidation, unilateral, bilateral infiltrates, effusion, pneumonia, empyema, abscess