Table 3.

Multivariate associations between children admitted to Children’s Hospital Colorado Intensive Care Unit, August to November 2014 with EV-D68 infection compared with H1N1 influenza infection (N=165)

	Unadjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals)	Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals)
Symptoms
Days of symptoms prior to admissiona	0.9 (0.8-1.0)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)
Shortness of breath or increased work of breathing among those with history of asthmab (n=75)	38.1 (3.9-369.0)	15.3 (1.3-179.4)
Shortness of breath or increased work of breathing among those without history of asthmab (n=90)	1.9 (0.8-4.9)	1.8 (0.6-4.8)
Seizuresc	0.3 (0.1-0.9)	0.9 (0.2-3.5)
Mental status changesd	0.1 (0.04-0.5)	0.2 (0.04-0.6)
Signs
Wheezinge	10.2 (4.9-21.1)	7.4 (3.1-17.7)
Hypoxiaf	4.7 (1.7-12.7)	3.4 (1.0-11.4)
Treatment
Oxygen therapy durationg (n=110)	0.9 (0.8-0.9)	0.9 (0.9-1.0)
Antibioticsg (n=130)	0.1 (0.1-0.2)	0.2 (0.1-0.6)
Steroidsh	11.9 (5.4-26.3)	6.7 (2.8-16.0)
Bronchodilatorsh	16.1 (6.2-41.7)	9.0 (3.3-24.6)
BiPAP or CPAPi (n=164)	5.1 (2.6-10.1)	6.1 (2.5-14.9)
Hospital coursej
Hospital length of stay, days (n=130)
3-4 days vs 1-2 days	0.9 (0.3-2.6)	1.7 (0.5-6.6)
5-6 days vs 1-2 days	0.5 (0.1-1.8)	0.6 (0.1-2.7)
≥1 week vs 1-2 days	0.2 (0.1-0.5)	0.3 (0.1-1.3)
ICU length of stay, daysl (n=125)
3-4 days vs 1-2 days	0.4 (0.2-1.0)	0.4 (0.1-1.1)
5-6 days vs 1-2 days	0.7 (0.2-2.7)	0.7 (0.2-3.1)
≥1 week vs 1-2 days	0.1 (0.05-0.3)	0.2 (0.1-0.7)

^aAdjusted for UMC, asthma, fever

^bHistory of asthma modifies the relationship between SOB/WOB and diagnosis, so stratum-specific estimates adjusted for non-asthma UMC are shown.

^cAdjusted for history of seizures

^dAdjusted for neurological disorder

^eAdjusted for age, asthma

^fAdjusted for asthma, UMC

^gAdjusted for UMC, asthma, CXR findings consistent with pneumonia

^hAdjusted for asthma

ⁱBiPAP – bilevel positive airway pressure, CPAP – Continuous positive airway pressure

^jAdjusted for asthma, underlying medical condition not asthma and findings consistent with pneumonia