Table 4.

Demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment of children with respiratory symptoms admitted to Children’s Hospital Colorado ICU with EV-D68 compared with other enterovirus/rhinovirus infections from August to November 2014 (N=181)

	Other EV/RV N = 86	EV-D68 N = 95	P valuea
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age, years; median (IQR)	3 (1, 8)	7 (4,12)	<.0001b
Male sex	51 (59)	62 (65)	0.41
Risk factors, n (%)
Personal history asthma	39 (45)	61 (64)	0.01
Eczema	1 (1)	3 (3)	0.62c
Allergies	4 (5)	3 (3)	0.71c
Family history asthma	47 (55)	32 (34)	0.005
First degree relative	30 (35)	40 (42)	0.32
Not first degree relative	5 (6)	18 (19)	0.008
No history of wheezing	46 (53)	29 (31)	0.002
Prior wheezing before 3 years of age	13 (15)	13 (14)	0.78
Multiple prior wheezing episodes	29 (34)	51 (54)	0.007
Wheezing apart from respiratory illness	6 (7)	5 (5)	0.63
History of inhaler use (n=177)	38 (45)	59 (64)	0.0095
Treatment/intervention/Outcomes, n (%)
Hospital length of stay, days; median (IQR) (n=180)	4 (3, 6)	4 (3, 5)	0.30b
ICU length of stay, days; median (IQR)	2 (1, 3)	2 (1, 3)	0.14b
Intubated	18 (21)	5 (5)	0.002
BiPAPd	36 (42)	43 (45)	0.65
CPAPe	37 (43)	47 (49)	0.38
HHFO2f	35 (41)	24 (25)	0.03
Bronchodilators	61 (71)	90 (95)	<.0001
Continuous albuterol	37 (43)	79 (83)	<.0001
Terbutaline	4 (5)	16 (17)	0.009
Magnesium	24 (28)	58 (61)	<.0001
Antibiotics	39 (45)	34 (36)	0.19
Steroids	59 (69)	85 (89)	0.0005

^aChi Square unless otherwise specified

^bFisher’s Exact test

^cWilcoxon Rank Sum Test

^dBiPAP – bilevel positive airway pressure

^eCPAP – Continuous positive airway pressure

^fHHFO₂- Heated High Flow Oxygen