Table 1.
Participants characteristics
| References | Type of study | Diagnosis | N (SRGP:C) | Type of sport | Level of sport | Age, years [mean (SD), range or SMD (95 % CI)] | Weight, kg [mean (SD) or SMD (95 % CI)] | Height, cm or m [mean (SD) or SMD (95 % CI)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnason et al. [17] | Prospective cohort | Groin strain | 17:281 | Icelandic football (soccer) | Elite league and first division | SRGP: 25.1 (1.2); C: 24.0 (0.2) | SRGP: 79.1 (1.2); C: 76.4 (0.4) | SRGP: 183.0 (1.4); C: 180.5 (0.4) |
| Cowan et al. [19] | Retrospective case–control | Long-standing groin pain | 10:12 | Australian Rules Football | Elite or sub-elite | SRGP: 26 (7); C: 25 (6) | SRGP: 78.1 (8.4); C: 76.8 (11.3) | SRGP: 180.7 (7); C: 176.5 (7.9) |
| Crow et al. [20] | Prospective | Groin injury | 12:12 | Australian Rules Football | Elite | 16–18 | N/R | N/R |
| Emery and Meeuwisse [33] | Prospective cohort | Groin strain injury | 204:1088 | Canadian National Hockey League | Professional | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Engebretsen et al. [29] | Prospective cohort | Groin injury | 51:457 | Football (soccer) | Amateur | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Ibrahim et al. [13] | Prospective | Adductor strain | 8:79 | Australian Rules Football | Professional | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Jansen et al. [21] | Retrospective case–control | Adduction-related groin pain | 42:23 | Various (football, soccer, running, field hockey, cycling, korfball, fitness, rugby, swimming, speed skating) | Amateur | R SRGP: 24.8 (6.9); L SRGP: 28.2 (10.4); C: 23.9 (4.7) | R SRGP: 80.0 (9.2); L SRGP: 76.4 (11.8); C: 78.9 (6.8) | R SRGP: 184.4 (6.8); L SRGP: 181.4 (6.5); C: 183.7 (6.7) |
| Malliaras et al. [25] | Retrospective case–control | Groin pain | 10:19 | Australian Rules Football and soccer | Elite | SRGP: 17.3 (0.8); C: 17.1 (1.6) | SRGP: 78.5 (7.0); C: 77.1 (5.4) | SRGP: 184.4 (6.7); C: 183.9 (7.8) |
| Mens et al. [28] | Retrospective case–control | Adduction-related groin pain | 44:44 | Various (football, soccer, tennis, field hockey, basketball, fitness training, horseback riding, running) | Amateur | SRGP: 31.3 (28.1–34.6); C: 32.2 (30.0–35.4) | SRGP: 79.4 (76.3–82.5); C: 82.4 (79.5–85.3) | NR |
| Mohammad et al. [23] | Retrospective case–control | Osteitis pubis | 20:20 | Football (soccer) | N/R | SRGP: 19.94 (3.51); C: 20.78 (3.35) | SRGP: 70.91 (7.26); C: 71.33 (7.35) | SRGP: 176.16 (4.93); C: 176.00 (4.15) |
| Morrissey et al. [26] | Retrospective case–control | Chronic groin pain | 09:09 | Football code | Amateur | SRGP: 24 (3); C: 25 (2) | SRGP: 81 (4); C: 82 (3) | SRGP: 1.8 (0.1); C: 1.8 (0.1) |
| Nevin and Delahunt [27] | Retrospective case–control | Long-standing groin pain | 18:18 | Gaelic football | Club-level | SRGP: 23.89 (3.18); C: 23.83 (3.55) | SRGP: 80.28 (9.77); C: 72.28 (10.3) | SRGP: 1.79 (0.06); C: 1.80 (0.06) |
| O’Connor [30] | Prospective | Groin injury | 21:72 | Australian Rugby | Professional (first or reserve grade) | SRGP: 22.2 (2.9)a; C: 20.2 (4.5)a | SRGP: 90.5 (9.5)a; C: 84.7 (10.2)a | SRGP: 1.80 (0.13); C: 1.78 (0.06) |
| Thorborg et al. [18] | Cross-sectional | Adductor-related groin pain | 21:16 | Football (soccer) | Elite and sub-elite | SRGP: 24.5 (2.5); C: 22.9 (2.4) | SRGP: 74.6 (6.4); C: 78.6 (6.3) | SRGP: 179.8 (5.9); C: 179.8 (5.0) |
| Tyler et al. [22] | Prospective | Adductor strain | 08:37 | Ice hockey | Professional | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Verral et al. [31] | Retrospective case–control | Chronic groin injury | 47:42 | Australian Rules Football and soccer | Professional | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| Verral et al. [32] | Prospective cohort | Chronic groin injury | 04:25 | Australian Rules Football | Professional | SRGP: 22.75 (1.70); C: 21.16 (0.63) | SRGP: 72.50 (3.28); C: 84.92 (1.99) | SRGP: 175.50 (2.33); C: 177.36 (6.82) |
SRGP sports-related groin pain, C controls, N/R not reported, SD standard deviation, R right, L left, SMD standardised mean difference, CI confidence interval
aSignificant difference between sports-related groin pain patients and control participants