Table 2.
Changes in nurses’ self-reported attitudes and behaviors regarding providing cessation services—implementation
| Pre-intervention = 1345 | Post-intervention = 849 | Chi-square | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control = 375 | Control = 296 | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | P value | |
| Smoking cessation is very or extremely important | |||
| Intervention | 1015 (75.9) | 567 (83.6) | <0.001 |
| Control | 249 (75.0) | 145 (54.9) | <0.001 |
| Very or extremely confident in ability to provide smoking cessation | |||
| Intervention | 382 (28.6) | 387 (57.1) | <0.001 |
| Control | 141 (43.1) | 80 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| Currently provide smoking cessation services | |||
| Intervention | 1134 (84.9) | 635 (92.4) | <0.001 |
| Control | 273 (82.0) | 195 (73.0) | 0.009 |
| Smoking cessation services provided: | |||
| Advice | |||
| Intervention | 940 (83.9) | 588 (93.5) | <0.001 |
| Control | 242 (90.3) | 161 (83.9) | 0.039 |
| Individual counseling | |||
| Intervention | 267 (23.8) | 255 (40.7) | <0.001 |
| Control | 91 (34.1) | 53 (27.7) | 0.150 |
| Group counseling | |||
| Intervention | 48 (4.3) | 43 (6.9) | 0.019 |
| Control | 21 (7.9) | 24 (12.6) | 0.095 |
| Medications | |||
| Intervention | 845 (75.7) | 533 (85.6) | <0.001 |
| Control | 227 (84.7) | 157 (81.8) | 0.404 |
| Handouts | |||
| Intervention | 1022 (91.1) | 593 (94.3) | 0.017 |
| Control | 200 (74.6) | 148 (77.1) | 0.545 |
| DVD | |||
| Intervention | 94 (8.4) | 88 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Control | 16 (5.9) | 13 (6.8) | 0.709 |
| Phone calls | |||
| Intervention | 35 (3.2) | 43 (6.9) | <0.001 |
| Control | 9 (3.4) | 7 (3.7) | 0.866 |
| Face barriers that make it difficult to provide smoking cessation services | |||
| Intervention | 1042 (78.9) | 431 (64.2) | <0.001 |
| Control | 199 (59.9) | 148 (56.1) | 0.340 |
| Barriers indicated: | |||
| Lack of confidence | |||
| Intervention | 198 (14.7) | 74 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| Control | 24 (6.4) | 16 (5.4) | 0.589 |
| Not enough training | |||
| Intervention | 435 (32.3) | 42 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Control | 78 (20.8) | 67 (22.6) | 0.566 |
| Not enough time | |||
| Intervention | 665 (49.4) | 246 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| Control | 104 (27.7) | 87 (29.4) | 0.636 |
| Hesitant to upset patients | |||
| Intervention | 378 (28.1) | 134 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Control | 49 (13.1) | 53 (17.9) | 0.083 |
| Not my job | |||
| Intervention | 50 (3.7) | 8 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Control | 15 (4.0) | 22 (7.4) | 0.053 |
Nurses from non-targeted units were intentionally not surveyed in the post-intervention period, thus the sample size is smaller than the pre-intervention period