Table 1.

An overview of manganese (Mn) content in food and drinks

Food	Country of origin	Mn content (±SD)	Reference
Apple	Italy and Bucovat Nigeria	0.95 μg/g 0.53 ppm	[212] [213]
Beef meat	Xangai, China	0.848 ± 1.10 μg/g	[214]
Cabbage	Egypt	37.80 ± 1.20 μg/g	[215]
Cherry	Bulgaria Bucovat	0.65 μg/g 0.80 μg/g	[212]
Chicken meat	Xangai, China	0.561 ± 4.18 μg/g	[214]
Chinese chive	South Korea	1.17 ± 0.04 μg/g	[216]
Coffee	Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Lebanon Poland	5.02 ± 0.52 μg/g 4.97 ± 0.10 μg/g 6.19 ± 0.02 μg/g 6.28 ± 1.01 μg/g	[217]
Duck meat	Xangai, China	0.54 ± 0.23 μg/g	[214]
Freshwater fish	Xangai, China	0.47 to 0.96 μg/g	[214]
Garlic	Kosovo	0.012 to 1.14 μg/g	[218]
Grape	Egypt Nigeria	0.75 μg/g 0.08 ppm	[212] [213]
Infant formula
Cow-based  Soy-based	USA	30–50 μg/L 200–300 μg/L	[220]
Lemon	Nigeria	0.23 ppm	[213]
Lettuce	Egypt	20.0 ± 1.0 μg/g	[215]
Marine mussels Mytilus edulis and Perna viridis	England, USA, Sweden, Scotland, Canada, China.Hong Kong, China, Malasya,	10 to 100 μg/g 10 to 150 μg/g	[221]
Melon	Periam Turkey	0.65 μg/g 0.85 μg/g	[212]
Milk			[222]
Fresh or processed Human milk	Pakistan –	0.0215 ± 0.01 or 0.0166 ± 0.01 ppm 3 to 10 μg/L	[220]
Mineral water	Egypt	2.35 ± 0.16 ɳg/mL	[215]
Onion	Kosovo	0.002 to 1.29 μg/g	[219]
Orange	Nigeria	0.45 ppm	[213]
Pears	Italy Bucovat	0.40 μg/g 0.90 μg/g	[212]
Pineapple	Nigeria	15.00 ppm	[213]
Plums	Chile Romania	0.95 μg/g 1.05 μg/g	[212]
Pork meat	Xangai, China	0.602 ± 0.697 μg/g	[214]
Potatoes (white, red, orange-fleshed)	Canary Islands, Spain	2.71 ± 2.22, 2.57 ± 1.69, 1.74 ± 0.14 μg/g	[223]
Radish	Kosovo	0.038 to 1.33 μg/g	[219]
Rice	Australia	24.4 μg/g	[224]
River water	Egypt	2.16 ± 0.16 ɳg/mL	[215]
Seawater fish	Xangai, China	0.437 to 0.953 μg/g	[214]
Shellfish	Xangai, China	0.437 to 18.15 μg/g	[214]
Soybean
Non-transgenic samples	Brazil	16.4 to 24.7 μg/g	[224]
Transgenic samples  Soy extracts	Japan Canada	18.2 to 44.3 μg/g 16.5 ± 8.6 μg/g	[225] [226]
Spinach	Egypt Kosovo South Korea	24.60 ± 1.10 μg/g 0.006 to 1.25 μg/g 3.69 ± 0.0001 μg/g	[215] [218] [216]
Strawberry	Belgium Romania	3.65 μg/g 2.15 μg/g	[212]
Tap water	Egypt	1.74 ± 0.10 ɳg/mL	[215]
Tomatoes	Basque Country	6.8 to 23.0 μg/g	[227]
Watermelon	Greece Roamania	0.95 μg/g 0.90 μg/g	[212]
White bread	Egypt	3.20 ± 0.36 μg/g	[215]
Wild chive	South Korea	3.06 ± 0.04 μg/g	[216]
Wild parsley	South Korea	3.45 ± 0.05 μg/g	[216]
Wine	Greece	2.2 to 10 mg/L	[228]

Content expressed as interval, standard deviation (SD) or parts per million (ppm)